
0ass_Cps\^\%\5 
Book 'H" 2 - 



OFFICIAL DONATION. 



Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 115 Series N, Water Power, 10 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director 



JVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES 
MADE DURING 1903 



ARRANGED BY 



W. CARVEL HALL and JOHN C. HOYT 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1905 



PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL 

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consists of (1) Annual Reports; (2) Mono- 
graphs; (3) Professional Papers; (4) Bulletins; (5) Mineral Resources; (6) Water-Supply and Irriga- 
tion Papers; (7) Topographic Atlas of the United States, folios and separate sheets thereof; (8) 
Geologic Atlas of United States, folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost 
of publication; the others are distributed tree. A circular giving complete lists may be had on appli- 
cation. 

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of subjects, and 
the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified into the following series: A, 
Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography 
and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irriga- 
tion; J, Water storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investiga- 
tions; N, Water power; O, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. 

The following Water-Supply Papers are out of stock, and can no longer be supplied: Nos. 1-16, 19, 
20, 22, 29-34, 36, 39-40, 43, 46, 57-65, 75. Complete lists of papers relating to water supply and allied 
subjects follow. (PP=Professional Paper; B=Bulletin; WS=Water-Supply Paper.) 

Series I— Irrigation. 

WS 2. Irrigation near Phoenix, Ariz., by A. P. Davis. 1897. 98 pp., 31 pis. and maps. 

WS 5. Irrigation practice on the Great Plains, by E. B. Cowgill. 1897. 39 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 9. Irrigation near Greeley, Colo., by David Boyd. 1897. 90 pp., 21 pis. 

WS 10. Irrigation in Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, by F. C. Barker. 1898. 51 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 13. Irrigation systems in Texas, by W. F. Hutson. 1898. 68 pp., 10 pis. 

WS 17. Irrigation near Bakersfield, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1898. 96 pp., 16 pis. 

WS 18. Irrigation near Fresno, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1898. 94 pp., 14 pis. 

WS 19. Irrigation near Merced, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1899. 59 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 23. Water-right problems of Bighorn Mountains, by Elwood Mead. 1899. 62 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 32. Water resources of Porto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48 pp., 17 pis. and maps. 

WS 43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 1901. 86 pp., 

15 pis. 
WS 70. Geology and water resources of the Patrick and Goshen Hole quadrangles, Wyoming, by G. I. 

Adams. 1902. 50 pp., 11 pis. 
WS 71. Irrigation systems of Texas, by T. U. Taylor. 1902. 137 pp., 9 pis. 
WS 74. Water resources of the State of Colorado, by A. L. Fellows. 1902. 151 pp., 14 pis. 
WS 87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 
WS 93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the reclamation service, with accompanying 

papers, compiled by F.H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 361pp. 
The following papers also relate especially to irrigation: Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, in 
Twelfth Annual, Pt. II; two papers on irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, in Thirteenth Annual, 
Pt. III. 

Series J— Water Storage. 

WS 33. Storage of water on Gila River, Arizona, by J. B. Lippincott. 1900. 98 pp., 33 pis. 

WS 40. The Austin dam, by T. U. Taylor. 1900. 51 pp., 16 pis. 

WS 45. Water storage on Cache Creek, California, by A. E. Chandler. 1901. 48 pp., 10 pis. 

WS 46. Physical characteristics of Kern River, California, by F. H. Olmsted, and Reconnaissance of 

Yuba River, California, by Marsden Manson. 1901. 57 pp., 8 pis. 
WS 58. Storage of water on Kings River, California, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 100 pp., 32 pis. 
WS 68. Water storage in Truckee Basin, California-Nevada, by L. H. Taylor. 1902. 90 pp., 8 pis 
WS 73. Water storage on Salt River, Arizona, by A. P. Davis. 1902. 54 pp., 25 pis. 
WS 86. Storage reservoirs on Stony Creek, California, by Burt Cole. 1903. 62 pp., 16 pis. 
WS 89. Water resources of Salinas Valley, California, by Homer Hamlin. 1904. 91 pp., 12 pis. 
WS 93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the reclamation service, with accompanying 

papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 361 pp. 
The following paper also should be noted under this heading: Reservoirs for irrigation, by^J. D. 
Schuyler, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV. 

[Continued on third page of cover.] 
IRR 115—2 






Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No, 115 



Series N, "Water Power, 10 



DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES ]). WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 






RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES 
MADE DURING 1903 



ARRANGED BY 



W. CARVEL HALL and JOHN C. HOYT 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

19 05 






i l 



ERRATA. 

[Water-Supply Paper No. 115, United States Geological Survey.] 

Page 11. Fig. 1 should have had the title "Profile of Catawba River from Marion 

to Connelly Springs, N. C," and been placed at page 13. 
Page 14. PI. II should have had the title " Profile of Tallulah River below Blalock, 

Ga.," and been placed at page 18. 
Page 19. Fig. 2 should have had the title " Profile of Tugaloo River below Tallulah 

Falls, Ga.," and been placed at page 23. 
Page 24. Fig. 3 should have had the title "Profile of Savannah River from Ander- 

sonville, S. C, to Lisbon, Ga,," and been placed at 29. 
Page 30. PI. Ill should have had the title "Profile of South and Ocmulgee rivers 

from Constitution to Macon, Ga.," and been placed at page 46. 
Page 47. Fig. 6 should have had the title "Profile of Alcovy River below Dabney's 

bridge, Georgia," and been placed at page 56. 
Page 56. Fig. 8 should have had the title "Profile of upper Chattahoochee River 

from Nacoochee, Ga., to junction with Chestatee River," and been 

placed at page 61. 
Page 62. Fig. 10 should have had the title "Profile of lower Chattahoochee River 

from West Point to Columbus, Ga.," and been placed at page 71. 
Page 73. Fig. 12 should have had the title " Profile of Chestatee River below Wil- 
low, Ga.," and been placed at page 77. 
Page 76. PI. IV should have had the title " Profile of Chippewa River from Reeds 

Landing, Minnesota, to Flambeau, Wis.," and been placed at page 98. 
Page 103. Fig. 18 should have had the title " Profile of Buffalo River from Flatwoods 

to Lobelville, Tenn.," and been placed at page 11. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Letter of transmittal 7 

Introduction 9 

Acknowledgments 10 

Buffalo River from Flatwoods to Lobelville, Tenn 10 

Cataba River from Halltown Road to Connelly Springs, N. C 13 

Tallulah River below Blalock, Ga 18 

Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls, Ga 23 

Savannah River from Andersonville, S. C, to Lisbon, Ga 29 

Chattooga River below Russell, S. C 34 

Broad River below Carnesville, Ga 39 

South and Ocmulgee rivers from Constitution to Macon, Ga 46 

Yellow River below Yellow River, Ga 51 

Alcovy River below Dabney's bridge, Ga 55 

Towaliga River below Highfalls, Ga 58 

Chattahoochee River from Chestatee to Sautee, Ga 61 

Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin, Ga 66 

Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga 71 

Soque River below Clarkesville, Ga 74 

Chestatee River below Willow, Ga 76 

Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, Tenn 81 

Nottcly River below Blairsville, Ga 87 

Toccoa River below Dial, Ga 92 

Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Flambeau, Wis 97 

Index 113 

3 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page. 

Plate I. Map showing location of surveys in the Southern.States 10 

II. Profile of Catawba River from Marion to Connelly Springs, N. C 14 

' III. Profile of Savannah River from Andersonville, S.C, to Lisbon, Ga.. . . 30 

IV. Profile of Chestatee River below Willow, Ga 76 

Fig. 1. Profile of Buffalo River from Flatwoods to Lobelville, Tenn 11 

2. Profile of Tallulah River below Blalock, Ga 19 

3. Profile of Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls, Ga. 24 

4. Profile of Chattooga River below Russell, S. C 35 

5. Profile of Brood River below Carnesville, Ga 40 

6. Profile of South and Ocmulgee rivers from Constitution to Macon, Ga. .... 47 

7. Profile of Yellow River below Yellow River, Ga 52 

8. Profile of Alcovy River below Dabney's bridge, Ga 56 

9. Profile of Towaliga River below Highfalls, Ga 59 

10. Profile of upper Chattahoochee River from Nacoochee, Ga., to junction 

with Chestatee River - 62 

11. Profile of middle Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin, Ga . 67 

12. Profile of lower Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga. ... 73 

13. Profile of Soque River below Clarkesville, Ga 75 

14. Profile of Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, Tenn 82 

15. Profile of Nottely River below Blairsvillc, Ga 88 

16. Profile of Toccoa River below Dial, Ga 93 

17. Map showing location of surveys in Wisconsin 98 

18. Profile of Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Flambeau, 

Wis 103 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



Department of the Interior, 
United States Geological Survey, 

Hydrographic Branch, 
Washington, D. C, July 23, 190 J^. 
Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith a paper entitled ' ' River 
Surveys and Profiles Made in 1903," which has been arranged by 
W. Carvel Hall and John C. Hoyt. 

This paper contains the results of the cooperative river surveys 
carried on during 1903 between the topographic and hydrographic 
branches. 

There is a large demand for the data herein presented by engineers 
and others interested in power development. I therefore recom- 
mend that this manuscript be published as a Water-Supply and 
Irrigation Paper. 

Very respectfully, F. IT. Newell, 

Chief Engineer. 
Hon. Charles D. Walcott, 

Director Untied States Geological Survey. 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



Arranged by W. C. Hall and J. C. Hoyt. 



INTRODUCTION. 

In order to determine the location of the undeveloped water 
powers on the various rivers in the United States the United States 
Geological Survey has from time to time made surveys and profiles of 
the more important of the rivers on which possible power sites were 
known to be located. The object of these surveys is to point out 
localities where power may be developed. 

In the determination of the river profiles the general plan of survey 
adopted was as follows: 

The elevations were based upon reliable heights derived from 
primary or precise levels of the United States Geological Survey. 
On this datum, with few exceptions, lines of flying levels were car- 
ried up the bank of each stream and bench marks were established 
at intervals of about 1 mile, usually on nails on tree roots. The 
elevations of the surface of the water at the head and foot of each 
shoal, rapid, or fall were noted. These levels, with few exceptions, 
have been tied at both ends. In the case of Broad River primary 
levels were used instead of flying levels, and regulation bronze tab- 
lets left at intervals of 6 miles. 

The horizontal control of the survey was by plane table oriented by 
compass, while the distance was always obtained by means of stadia 
measurements. To further insure the accuracy of the work, the 
stadia rod was so divided that one division on it equaled one division 
of t he scale used in plotting. 

The field sheets were plotted on the scale of 1 : 22,500, with the 
exception of the surveys of the Tallulah and Tugaloo rivers, which 
were on (lie scale of 1 : 45,000. Several different runs of river were 
plotted on the same plane-table sheet, the ends of the different sec- 
tions being so marked that there would be no difficulty in joining them 
and making one continuous map. 

On these sheets were shown the outlines of the river banks, the 
islands, the positions of rapids, shoals, falls, and existing dams, the 



10 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

crossings of all ferries and roads, and as much of the culture of the 
river bottom as could be obtained without leaving the immediate 
neighborhood of the river. The river banks were contoured carefully 
and the adjacent river bottoms sketched, all with an interval of 10 
feet. On these field sheets are marked in their proper positions the 
elevations of the various bench marks left, as are also the elevations 
of the water surfaces wherever obtained. 

For each river surveyed, first are given a brief description, a list of 
the elevations, and a condensed profile of the portion of the river 
surveyed. 

The elevations as given in the original notebooks have been 
adjusted in accordance with the various primary heights tied to, 
and the figures herein given are the ones obtained from this adjust- 
ment. 

On file in the Washington office are the original topographic sheets 
and profiles on the scale of 1 inch to a mile horizontal and 1 inch to 
100 feet vertical. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

In the collection of these data and their preparation for publication 
special acknowledgment is due to the levelmen and others who carried 
on the surveys. Acknowledgment is due, also, to Messrs. B. M. Hall 
and M. R. Hall for suggestions, and to Messrs. C. B. Kendall and 
D. H. Baldwin, who adjusted the various lines of levels, under the 
supervision of Mr. S. S. Gannett, geographer. 

BUFFALO RIVER FROM FLATWOODS TO LOBELVILLE, TENN. 

A line of flying levels was run on Buffalo River, Tennessee, from the 
mouth of Little Opossum Creek, near Flatwoods, to Standing Rock 
Ford, about 3 miles north of Lobelville — a distance of 47 miles. The 
plane-table survey was on the scale of 1 : 22,500. During the course 
of the work 28 bench marks on tree roots were marked and 39 water- 
surface elevations were recorded. 

The total fall of that stretch of the river is 109 feet, and is so evenly 
distributed that there seems to be no power site of any value. There 
are now two crude dams, one near Linden and the other near 
Lobelville, supplying power for small gristmills, but at neither place 
do the conditions warrant the construction of more substantial dams. 

The soil near the river is fertile and well adapted to the cultivation 
of corn, hay, and peanuts. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an assumed 
elevation of 537.25 feet for the water surface at the mouth of Little 
Opossum Creek as interpolated from contours sketched on the Man- 
nie sheet. The assumed elevation is probably within 20 feet of 
correct datum. 





U. 8. OEOLOGICAL SURVEY 






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WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 115 PL. 




MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF SURVEYS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. 



HALL AND 
HOYT. 



BUFFALO RIVER. 



11 



The leveling was done October 4 to 31, 1903, under the direction of 
Oscar Jones, topographer, by Ralph Hutchins, levelman. 

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50 Miles 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 

Fig. 1. — Profile of Buffalo River from Flatwoods to Lobelville, Tenn. 
Elevations on Buffalo River, Tennessee, from Little Opossum. Creek to Standing Rock Ford 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.0 

.0 
3 

.6 
1.0 
1.2 
2.1 
2.2 
4.1 
4.1 
6.3 

G.2 

8.9 

8.9 

10.6 

10.8 

11.9 



Little Opossum Creek, mouth of; east side of river at ford, hackberry 
tree, nail in root of '. 

Surface of water 

East side of river at ford, nail in root of elm tree 

Ford, east side of, dead sycamore tree, nail in root of 

Ford, 125 feet north of; east side of river, nail in root of sycamore tree. 

Surface of water 

Ford, south side of river, nail in root of sycamore tree 

600 feet north of ford, surface of water 

Sinking Creek, east side of river, maple tree, nail in root of 

Sinking Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Ford, 275 feet north of, north bank of river, east side of highway, at 
angle, nail in root of sycamore tree 

Ford, 650 feet west of; surface of water 

50 feet from river, south side of; sycamore tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Ford, east bank of river, sycamore t ree, nail in root of 

Hurricane Creek, mouth of; surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Hurricane Creek, 1.1 miles from; 50 feet east of ford, nail in root of 
beech tree 



537. 25 
533 
532. 26 

531. 59 

532. 32 
528 

529. 06 
525 

524. 90 
520 

521. 16 
512 
510. 01 

503 

500. 70 
498 

504. 17 



12 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Buffalo River, Tennessee, from Little Opossum Creek to Standing Rock 

Ford — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


11.9 


Surface of water 


494 


13.2 


At ford, east bank of river, nail in root of willow tree 


489. 53 


13.2 


Surface of water 


487 


15.2 
15.2 


At ford, south bank of river, nail in root of maple tree 

Ford, 800 feet west of; surface of water 


484. 23 
482 


15.5 
16.6 


Ford, south bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree 

Ford, east bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree 


485. 15 
482. 29 ? 


16.8 


County bridge, west abutment, bolt in base of girder . . 


499. 45 


17.3 


Ford, east bank of, nail in root of sycamore tree 


483. 03 


17.3 


Surface of water 


477 


19.9 
19.9 


Coon Creek Ford, east bank of river, nail in base of willow tree 

Ford, 350 feet north of, surface of water . . . 


476. 42 
471 


21.3 
21.3 


Ford, 106 feet west of; west bank of river, nail in base of willow tree- 
Ford, surface of water 


470. 04 
467 


22.3 


Ford, east bank of river, screw in base of sycamore tree 


469. 70 


22.3 


Ford, surface of water 


465 


22.6 
22.6 


Brush creek, east bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree 

Surface of water. 


467. 29 
465 


23.7 


Above dam, surface of water : 


464 


23.7 


Below dam, surface of water 


459 


24.2 


Ford, west bank of river, top of large rock 


459. 32 


24.2 


Ford, 600 feet below, surface of water 


457 


26.1 


Ford, west bank of river, top of large rock 


454. 16 


26. 1 


Surface of water 


452 


26.6 
26.6 


Beardstown, east bank of river, at ford, nail in root of sycamore tree. 
650 feet below ford, surface of water 


454. 24 
451 


28. 1 


Ford, west bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree. 


452. 90 


29.7 


Ford, east bank of river, nail in root of hackberry tree 


449. 51 


30.3 
30.3 


Ford, south bank of river, road, south side, nail in root of sycamore tree. 
Ford, 650 feet below, surface of water 


445. 47 
441 


31.9 


Above dam , surface of water 


441 


31.9 


Below dam, surface of water 


435 


31.9 
34.3 


Ford, south ba"nk of river, road, west side, nail in root of sycamore tree. 
Ford, east bank of river, nail in base of sycamore sapling 


438. 32 
434. 02 


34.3 


Surface of water 


431 


35.4 


Dodson Ford, east bank, top of rock 


430. 51 


36 4 


Hester Ford, surface of water 


426. 59 


40.9 
41.2 


Logan Ford, south bank, west side of road, nail in base of willow tree. 
Standing Rock Ford, south bank, nail in root of maple tree 


419. 08 

420. 61 









HAIJ> AND 
HOYT. 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



13 



CATAWBA RIVER FROM MARION, N. C, TO CONNELLY SPRINGS, 

N. C. 

Catawba River was surveyed from the Halltown road crossing, near 
Marion, N. C, down the river to the mouth of Johnsons Mill Creek, 
near Connelly Springs, N. C. — a distance of 45 mhos. A line of flying 
levels was run in connection with the plane-table stadia traverse, which 
was on the scale of 1 : 22,500, based on a permanent bench mark of the 
United States Geological Survey at Marion, N. C. This flying line is 
connected with a precise line along the Southern Railway, run by the 
Geological Survey in 1896, at Bridgewatcr, Glen Alpine, Morganton, 
and Connelly Springs, at each of which points there is a permanent 
bench mark. There were only three temporary bench marks set 
along the river, but there were 160 water-surface elevations recorded, 
all of which were adjusted to the mean reading on the gage estab- 
lished at the upper bridge near Morganton. The work was done in 
July, August, and September, 1903, by R. C. Howard and S. A. Oben- 
shain, under the direction of W. C. Hall, topographer. 

In the stretch of river surveyed there is a total fall of 243 feet. At 
present there is only one crude dam — at John River Road Ford, 
where there is a fall of 4 feet, supplying power to operate Hunter's 
gristmill. There is a dam site near Connelly Ford. The combined 
fall of two shoals about half a mile apart is 12.3 feet and a long, rocky 
island in the lower part of the shoal would somewhat facilitate the 
construction of a dam. At this point the river is about 200 feet wide, 
with rocky cliffs on both banks. The river bottom is very fertile, 
the principal crops being corn and hay. 

Elevations on Catawba River between Halltown Road and Connelly Springs, N. C. 



Distance 

in miles. 



Elevation 

in feet 



0. Halltown Road Ford, head of island, head of shoals, surface of water: 

. 1 Foot of shoals, surface of water 

. 2 Head of shoals, surface of water 

. 2 Foot of shoals, surface of water 

. 5 Head of shoals, surface of water 

. 7 Foot of shoals, surface of water 

1. 1 Mouth of North Fork, 0.5 mile above, head of shoals, surface of water 

1. 1 Foot of shoals, surface of water 

1. 3 Head of shoals, surface of water 

1. 3 Foot of shoals, surface of water 

1. 7 Head of shoals, surface of water 

1. 8 Foot of shoals, surface of water 

2. 1 Head of shoals, surface of water 

2. 3 Foot of shoals, surface of water 

"Adjusted to bench mark at Marion: McDowell County court-house; west face, at sout 
portico, bronze tablet marked " 1438"; elevation. 1,436.857 feet. 



«1, 189 

1,187 
1,187 
1,184 
1,184 
1,179 
1,179 
1,177 
1,177 
1,175 
1. 171 
1 . 1 72 
1,170 
1,167 

li end of 



14 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Catawba River between Halltown Road and Connelly Springs, N. C. — Cont'd. 



Distance 
in miles. 



2.4 
3.2 
3.4 
3.4 

4 

4.2 

4.4 

4.4 

4.7 

4.7 

4.8 

4.8 

5.1 

5.1 

5.3 

5.3 

5.4 

5.4 

5.7 

5.8 

6 

6 

6.1 

6.1 

6.6 

6.7 

6.9 

7 

7.3 

7.3 

7.5 

7.5 

7.8 

7.8 

8.2 

8.5 

8.5 

8.7 

9.2 

9.2 

9.8 

9.8 



Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

North bank of island, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of island, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of island, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water - 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Connelly Ford, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water - 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water - 

Small island in shoals, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Between large islands, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of islands, foot of shoals, surface of water 

At head of broad flood channel, head of shoals, surface of water. 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

At foot of broad channel, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water - 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water. 

Foot of shoals, surface of water • 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

John River Road, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Just below ford, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 115 PL. II 



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EH 

be 


O 

u 

O 






6^^ 








^ / 

fl / 
2 / 
° I 
0/ 














Eh 
















/junction 


with Cha 


ttooga Ri 


^er 









2 000 



1,750 



1,500-3 



> 
O 

■s 

-1-3 

1,250| 



1,000 



T)l) 



Miles 30 25 20 15 10 5 

PROFILE OF CATAWBA RIVER FROM MARION TO CONNELLY SPRINGS, N. C. 



HALL A 
IIOYT 



Nn | CATAWBA RIVER. 15 

Elevations on Catawba River between Ualltown Road and Connelly Springs, N. C. — Cont'd. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Head of island, head of shoals, surface of water. 1, 099 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 094 

Head of shoals at head of island, surface of water 1, 094 

Foot of island, foot o'f shoals, surface of water 1, 092 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1, 092 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 089 

Just above dam, surface of water. 1 , 089 

Below ford, foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 084 

Head of shoals, surface of wal er 1, 083 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1 , 079 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1 , 079 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. 1, 079 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1 , 078 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 075 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1 , 075 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 074 

Below head of island, head of shoals, surface of water 1, 074 

Foot of two islands, foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 070 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1, 070 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 070 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1, 069 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 069 

Bridgewater, in front of station, top of north rail «1, 095. 7 

Head of shoals, surface of water ; 1 , 068 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1 , 068 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1 , 067 

Foot of shoals, surface of water | 1, 066 

Just above head of shoals, surface of water 1, 066 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1 , 065 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1 , 062 

Head of shoals, surface of water ! 1 , 062 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. 1 , 062 

Head of shoals, surface ot water 1 , 061 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1 , 061 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1, 058 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1 , 056 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1,054 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1 , 05 1 

Just above head of upper island, head of shoals, surface of water 1,051 

Between island and south bank of river, fool of shoals, surface of 

water 1, 049 

" Bridgewater, 0.4 mile east of; bridge seal al wesl end of Muddy (reck Bridge, 2.75 feet south of south 
rail, copper bolt marked " U. S. G. S., 1091;" elevation, 1,089.540 feet. 

irr 115—05 2 



16 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Catawba River between Ealltown Road and Connelly Springs, N. C. — Cont'd. 



Distance 
in miles. 



18.2 



18.4 


18.7 


18.7 


18.9 


19.1 


19.6 


19.8 


19.8 


20.1 


20.3 


20.4 


20.9 


20.9 


21.3 


21.3 


21.5 


21.7 


22 


22:4 


22.5 


23.4 


23.7 


23.7 


24 


24.3 


25 


25 


25.4 


25.4 


26.6 


26.6 


27.2 


28.1 


28.2 


29 


29.1 



Mouth of Linville River, below ford, at head of island and south 
bank, head of shoals, surface of water ., 

Between island and south bank, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of small island, head of shoals, surface of water 

Center of island, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of two small islands, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 



Long narrow island along north bank, head of short shoal, surface 
of water 



Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Above ford, head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water. 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of large island, head of shoals, surface of water 

250 feet below foot of large island, foot of shcals, surface of water- 
Ford, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water . . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Avery Ford, 50 feet above, head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 



Between long island and north bank of river, head of shoals, surface 
of water -„ 



1,009 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 007 

Surface of water 1, 006 

Head of shoals, surface of water 1, 004 

Head of long narrow island, foot of shoals, surface of water 1, 003 

Greenlea Ford, head of shoals, surface of water 1, 001 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 1 , 001 

a Circuit from White Ford to Avery Ford is adjusted to Glen Alpine, 73.2 feet north of north rail of 

main track, southeast corner of brick basement of Hennessee & Co.'s store, bronze tablet marked 

' 1215; " elevation, 1,213.944 feet. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



1,048 
1,046 
1,045 
1,045 
1,045 
1,040 

1,039 
1,038 
1,037 
1,036 
1,035 
1,033 
1,032 
1,031 
1,031 
1,030 
1,030 
1,030 
1,026 
1,026 
1,025 
1,024 
1,023 
1,022 
1,022 
1,016 
a. 1,015 
1,013 
1,013 
1,012 



HA 1. 1, AND 
HOYT. 



CATAWBA RIVER. 17 

Elevations on Catawba River between Halltown Road and Connelly Springs, N. C. — Cont'd. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


29.4 


Between island and mouth, head of shoals, surface of water 


1,000 


29.6 


Foot of island, foot of shoals. 


998 


29.9 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


998 


29.9 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


997 


30.2 


Upper Morganton Bridge, head of shoals under, surface of water.'. . . 


«996 


31.7 


Fleming Ford, head of islands at, head of shoals, surface of water. . 


992 


32 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


988 


33 


Lower Morganton Bridge, under, surface of water 


986 


33 5 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


986 


34.2 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


977 


34.4 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


976 


34.8 


Below island at mouth of creek on south bank, foot of shoals, surface 
of water 


974 


35.5 


Mouth of John River, surface of water 


972 


37.1 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


969 


37.9 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


963 


38.5 


Huffman Ferry, north bank, west side of road, nail in post 


974.2 




Huffman Ferry, at east corner of Huffman's house, nail in root of 
tree at 


1,011.75 


38.5 


Surface of water 


961 


38.7 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


959 


40.7 


At mouth of creek on south, head of shoals, surface of water 


957 


40.7 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


956 


41.2 


Head of large island, head of shoals, surface of water 


955 


41.2 


Between island and north bank of river, foot of shoals, surface of 
water. 


955 


41.4 


Foot of island, head of shoals, surface of water 


955 


41.4 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


955 


41.6 


Lovelady Ford, at head of small island between large island and 
south bank, head of shoals, surface of water 


954 


41.8 


Lovelady Ford, north bank of river, surface of water 


953 


41.9 


Foot of large island at foot of shoals, surface of water 


951 


43.6 


County Ferry, 200 feet south of; west side of road, nail in box alder 


968.8 


43.6 


Surface of water 


948 


43.8 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


947 


43.8 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


947 


44.5 


Head of shoals, surface of water. 


947 


44.5 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


''946 









a Upper Morganton Bridge line adjusted to Morganton, Burke County court-house, extreme north- 
west corner of north portico, bronze tablet marked " 1182; " elevation, 1,180.774 feet. 

b Connelly Springs, 142.4 feet north of north rail of main track, James Hudson's brick store, south 
front, near east corner, bronze tablet marked " 1193; " elevation, 1,191.762 feet. 

Johnson Mill Creek flows into Catawba 1.6 miles below County Ferry, south side of river. 

Note.— Water-surface elevations adjusted to mean gage reading 1.8 feet at Upper Morganton Bridge 
Elevation of 1.8- footmark, 996.3 feet. 



18 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 116. 

TALLULAH RIVER BELOW BLALOCK, GA. 

Tallulah River rises in Habersham and Rabun counties, Ga., flows 
in a southeasterly direction, and joins Chattooga River a little below 
Tallulah Falls, thus forming Tugaloo River. During August, 1903, 
this river was surveyed between Tallulah Falls, Ga., and the mouth 
of Persimmon Creek, near Blalock, Ga. The distance between these 
points is about 33 miles, and there is a fall of 451 feet. The survey 
consisted of a line of primary levels based upon the United States 
Geological Survey bench mark at Tallulah Falls, and a plane-table 
survey of the course of the river. The field sheets were plotted on a 
scale of 1 : 22,500, 30 bench marks were established, and 69 water- 
surface elevations obtained. 

Tallulah River is a typical mountain stream and is subject to 
sudden freshets. As the Chattooga is of the same character the 
Tugaloo is a dangerous stream, a rise of 1.6 feet per hour for 
three consecutive hours being recorded on March 23, 1903, at the 
Southern Railway bridge near Toccoa, Ga. On this occasion the 
river rose 15.2 feet in eighteen hours. 

Tallulah River crosses the fall line at Tallulah Falls, Ga. In 
this vicinity is some of the most picturesque and rugged scenery 
in the Southern States. In 3 miles the river drops from 1,415 to 
755 feet above sea level, or a distance of 660 feet. The principal 
falls, in the order in which they occur, are L/eau D'or, 28 feet; Tem- 
pesta, 76 feet; Hurricane, 89 feet; Oceana, 41 feet; Bridal Veil, 17 
feet— all in a distance less than three-fourths of a mile. On either 
bank are precipitous cliffs, rising in some places 500 feet sheer. The 
gorge continues to the Tugaloo, with the exception of one place about 
one-half mile long, where it opens up and forms what is known as the 
Old Valley farm. On either side the country is covered with woods, 
but not a great deal of merchantable timber appears to be available. 

In 2 miles, above Tallulah Falls, the river has a fall of 110 feet. 
At the head of this fall the bottom widens into a valley which 
appears to be an excellent basin for storing water. Three and one- 
fourth miles farther upstream at an unnamed shoal with a 12-foot 
fall, there is a fair site for a dam. The bottom is rocky, and there 
are steep hills on either side. 

Five miles farther upstream is a shoal with a 25-foot fall, steep 
hills on either side, and hard rock bottom. Just above Denton Ford 
is a 23-foot shoal about three-fourths of a mile long where there is 
a splendid site for a dam. 

The fall in the lower Tallulah below the falls is about 250 feet. 
A large portion of this fall can be used for power without interfering 
with the resort at Tallulah Falls. By installing an electrical plant 
at the upper end of Old Valley farm a good power could be obtained. 



HALL AND"! 
HOYT. J 



TALLULAH RIVER. 



19 



The elevations in the following list are based upon the elevation 
of a bronze tablet in rock 70 feet east of the public road and 20 
feet south of Tallulah Falls, station marked " 1569 Atlanta." This 
elevation is accepted as 1,568.302 feet above mean sea level in accord 
with the 1903 adjustment of the precise-level net. The line is cor- 
rected to accord with primary work at mouth of river and at Burton. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of Carroll Cald- 
well, field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

1,000 























h 






















> 


Fh 




















« 


<S> 


















T3 


eg 


> 


















fl 


bB 


PS 


















1 "§ 


o 














^ 






HH ^ 


Oj 






>* 








a> 






^ CD 




<x> 




" 








> 






r£ M 


O 


C 




<D 


<B 






03 






bp &c 


/ 


r Jl 


QQ 


P-l 


T3 






ce 






+a O 


/ 


A 
-^ 

'£ 


o ® 




pq 
















o 


n'S 




o 






o 










5S <D 


PQ 


M 
















<y 


cS Q3 




















3 


w^ 




















1-3 























Miles 50 



45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 

Fig. 2.— Profile of Tallulah River below Blalock, Ga. 



en 

750 | 

© 

S3 



500 



Elevations on Tallulah River from mouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Blalock, Ga. 



Distance. 



0.0 
.0 
.0 



.3 

.4 

.6 

.9 
1.3 
1.6 
1.7 
l.s 
2 

2.1 
2.2 
2.2 
2.25 



Elevation 
in feet 



Junction of Chattooga and Tallulah rivers, surface of water 

100 feet north of junction rivers, edge of river, point on rock 

200 feet north of junction rivers, west side of Tugaloo River, gum 
tree, nail in root of 

Chattooga River, 500 feet north of, west side of Tallulah River, nail 
in root of oak stump 

Surface of water 

Mouth of small stream, surface of water 

150 feet west of river 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Foot of rapids, surface of water 

Middle of rapids, surface of water 

Head of rapids, surface of water 

Foot of rapids, surface of water 

Surface of water 



754 
761.29 

762. 65 

769. 46 

767 

782 

799. 86 

818 

sts 

878 

893 

911 

935 

944 

947 

954 

964 



20 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Tallulah River from mouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Blalock, Oa. — Cont'd. 



Distance 
in miles. 


2.3 


2.35 


2.38 


2.4 


2.5 


2.6 


2.6 


2.65 


2.8 


2.85 


3.1 


3.1 


3.1 


3.2 


3.2 


3.3 


3.4 


3.6 


3.6 


3.6 



4.9 

4.9 

5.1 

5.5 

5.6 

5.6 

6 

6.5 

6.6 

7.3 

7.3 

8.4 



Foot of small falls, surface of water. 

Foot of rapids, surface of water. 

300 feet below bend, head of rapids, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Bridal Veil Falls, foot of, surface of water 

Head of falls, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Oceana Falls, foot of, surface of water 

Head of falls, surface of water 

Hurricane Falls, foot of, surface of water 

Head of Hurricane Falls, surface of water. 

Tempesta Falls, foot of, surface of water 

Tempesta Falls, head of, surface of water 

L'eau d'or Falls, foot of, surface of water 

L'eau d'or Falls, head of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Clayton Road iron highway bridge, surface of water 

Tallulah Falls station, 70 feet east of public road, 20 feet south of 
station, in rock, bronze tablet marked " 1569 Atlanta" 

Tallulah Falls, 0.5 mile northeast of; at forks of road, 50 feet south 
of bridge over river 



Clayton Road iron highway bridge, 0.5 mile north of Tallulah Falls, 
floor of 



Surface of water 

Opposite stone pier railroad bridge, surface of water 

Surface of water 

On rock, surface of water 

Foot of falls, surface of water 

Top of falls, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Head of island, surface of water 

20 feet west of Tallulah Falls Railroad, point on top of rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

150 feet east of river, in cornfield, dead apple tree, nail in root of. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



981 

987 

980 

997 
1,008 
1,022 
1,039 
1,057 
1,074 
1,115 
1,140 
1,229 
1,246 
1,322 
1,322 
1,350 
1,379 
1,396 
1,414 

1,568.302 

1,457.92 

1,441.87 

1,419 

1,439 

1,449 

1,459 

1,486 

1,492 

1,509 

1,530 

1,538.21 

1,529 

1,538 

1,553 

1,559 

1,579.23 

1,569 

1,573 



HALL AND 
HOYT 



ND ] TALLULAH RIVER. 21 

Elevations on Tallulah River from mouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Blalock, Ga. — Cont'd. 



Distance 
in miles. 



8.6 

8.7 
8.7 
9.6 

9.6 
9.9 
10 

10.2 
10.4 
10.5 
10.6 
10.9 
11.8 
11.8 
12.1 
13.3 
13.3 
13.8 
13.8 
14.4 
14.5 
14.6 

15.6 

15.6 

16.2 

16.5 

16.6 

17.7 

18.4 

18.6 j 

18.6 

19.2 

20.6 

20.9 

21.4 

21.5 

21.5 

21.8 

21.9 



Surface of water 

65 feet north of river, in cornfield, walnut tree, nail in root of. 
Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Tiger Creek, on point of land between river and creek, burnt poplar 
tree, nail in side of. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

5 feet west of river, in footpath, point on sharp rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

10 feet west of river, nail in root of beech tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Crane Ford, 150 feet west of, apple tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Dockens Ford, 12 feet west of river, nail in side of dead tree 

Surface of water 

Ellord Ford, 150 feet east of, at bend of, poplar tree, nail in side of j 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Eden Church, 150 feet west of, 150 feet east of river, nail in root of 
large red-oak tree 

Taylor Shoals, 10 feet west of river, middle of, point on large flat rock. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

James Smith boat landing, 2 feet west of river, nail in stump 

Fall Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Jones Ford, 6 feet south of river, slanting persimmon tree, nail in side of 

Surface of water 

Flat Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Cliff Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Denton Ford, 10 feet west of river, nail in root of pine 1 ice 

Surface of water 

Mouth of small stream, surface of water 

Seal Creek, mouth of, foot of double shoals, surface of water 



1,578 
1,589.25 

1,578 

1,590.30 

1,584 

1,589 

1,595.59 

1,592 

1,596 

1,601.32 

1,600 

1,603 

1,620.33 

1,607 

1,610 

1,623.06 

1,615 

1,634.36 

1,621 

1,626 

1,628 

1,649.41 

1,644.90 

1,641 

1,648 

1,657 

1,657 

1,670.53 

1,669 

1,677.33 

1,674.6 

1,681 

1,687 

1,690 

1,697 

1,703.61 

1,701 

1,703 

1,704 



22 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. ii5. 

Elevations on Tallulah River from mouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Blalock, Ga. — Cont'd. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


22 


Surface of water 


1,707 


22.3 


Middle of shoals, surface of water 


1,714 


22.6 


Crow Ford, 100 feet south of, 10 feet south of river, twin hemlock 
tree, nail in root of 


1,725.93 


22.6 


Surface of water v 


1,724 


22.7 


Scarecrow Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


1,727 


24 


George Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


1,737 


24.5 


Bridge Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


1,738 


25 


In shoals, surface of water 


1,747 


25.1 


Ford, surface of water 


1,749 


25.1 


At above ford, south edge of river, point on rock 


1,750.29 


25.6 


Rocky Ford, 10 feet south of, dead hemlock tree, nail in root of 


1,758.47 


25.6 


Surface of water 


1,756 


25.9 


Surface of water 


1,757 


26.2 


Kenny Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


1,760 


26.3 


Fuller Ford, surface of water 


1,760 


26.4 


Fuller Ford, 500 feet northwest of, point on rock 


1,762.62 


27 


Surface of water 


1,767 


27.3 


Cannon Ford, 75 feet southwest of, nail in root of white oak 


1,781.97 


27.3 


Surface of water .' 


1,769 


28.2 


Ford, west side of, nail in root of red gum tree 


1,777.87 


28.2 


Surface of water 


1,774 


28.5 


Wildcat Creek, 50 feet southwest of, west side of road, point on rock. 


1,783.19 


28.5 


Surface of water 


1,776 


29.3 


Surface of water 


1,785 


29.5 


Surface of water '. 


1,787 


29.6 


Dicks Creek, surface of water 


1,789 


30.1 


Burton, 12 feet southwest of bridge, nail in root of maple tree 


1,794.96 


30.1 


Floor of bridge 


1,806.4 


30.1 


Surface of water 


1,790 


30.1 


High-water mark 


1,804 . 


30.2 


Burton, 1,000 feet above bridge, 15 feet east of river, 10 feet west of 


1,795. 140 


32.1 


12 feet west of ford, nail in side of ash tree 


1,819.04 


32.1 


Surface of water 


1,813 


32.4 


Surface of water 


1,819 


32.7 


Murford, 100 feet southwest of, nail in west side of white-oak tree 


1,838.05 


32.7 


Surface of water 


1,824 


33 


Rocky Ford, surface of water 


1,829 


33.1 


Shallow Ford, 500 feet southeast of, in road, point on rock 


1,841.48 


33.2 


Surface of water 


1,835. 



HA] 

HOY 



£ Y t ND J TUGALOO RIVER. 23 

Elevations on Tallulah River from mouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Blalock, Ga. — Cont'd. 



Distance 
in miles. 



33.6 

33.6 

34.3 

35 

35.8 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Deep Ford, 30 feet south of, nail in side of sycamore tree j 1, 842. 39 

Surface of water 1, 839 

Popcorn Creek, mouth of, surface of water 1 , 849 

Deep Ford, 3 feet east of, nail in side of beech tree 1, 862. 03 

Persimmon Creek, 75 feet east of river, 30 feet south of creek, nail 

in side of hickory tree I 1, 881. 67 



TUGALOO RIVER BELOW TALLULAH FALLS, GA. 

Tugaloo River, which flows in a southeasterly direction between 
Georgia and South Carolina, is a continuation of Savannah River, 
and extends from the mouth of Seneca River to the mouth of Chat- 
tooga River. The bed of the stream is in Georgia. The survey of 
this river covered a distance of 50^ miles. It connected with the 
survey of Savannah River at Andersonville, and extended past the 
mouth of the Chattooga along the Tallulah as far as Tallulah Falls. 
The primary levels were based upon the United States Geological 
Survey bench mark at Parkesville, Ga. Nine bench-mark tablets 
and 64 temporary bench marks were established, and 98 water-surface 
elevations were obtained. The plane-table sheets were plotted on 
a scale of 1:22,500 for that portion of the survey above the mouth 
of the Chattooga; from that point to Owens Shoals the scale was 
1 : 45,000; between Owens Shoals and Andersonville it was 1 : 22,500. 

From the head of the Tugaloo to a point about one mile above 
the mouth of Panther Creek the banks are very steep, but are not 
so marked as along the Tallulah, except in some places where there 
is a cliff on one side. Below the point above mentioned the bottom 
is from one-fourth to three-fourths mile wide in most places, the 
soil being very fertile and in a high state of cultivation. Cotton 
is the main crop, with corn next, wheat, rye, sugar cane, etc., com- 
bined making but a small percentage of the yield. The timber is 
very scattered. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an aluminum 
tablet marked " 1050 M. C." at Washington street entrance to the 
State capitol at Atlanta, the elevation of which is now accepted 
as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level. The initial point upon which 
these levels depend is a bronze tablet at north side of east entrance 
at court-house at Clarksville, Ga., marked " 1373 Atlpnta," the eleva- 
tion of which is accepted as 1,371.991 feet above mean sea level, 
in accord with the 1903 adjustment of the precise-level net. 



24 



RTVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



The leveling was done in 1903 under the direction of Carroll Cald- 
well, field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

All permanent bench marks are marked with the letters " Atlanta" 
in addition to the figures of elevation. 




Miles 55 



50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 
Fig. 3.— Profile of Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls, Ga. 



Elevations from Clarksville, via Turnerville, to Tallulah Falls, Ga. 



Elevation in 
feet 



Clarksville, Habersham County court-house, north side of east entrance, bronze 
tablet marked " 1373 Atlanta " 

Clarksville, 0.7 mile southeast of, west side of road, nail in root of oak tree 

Clarksville, 2 miles east of, south of track, nail in root of old stump 

Clarksville, 1.5 miles east of station, dogwood tree, nail in root of 

Clarksville, 2.5 miles east of, at railroad crossing, south of track, oak tree, nail 
in root of 

Clarksville, 4.5 miles east of, oak stump, nail in root of 

Clarksville, 6 miles east of, nail in root of oak tree 

Clarksville, 7.5 miles east of, nail in root of oak tree 

Turnerville station, 30 feet north of, nail in root of cottonwood tree 

Turnerville, 1.9 miles northeast of, south of track, nail in root of oak tree — . 

Turnerville, 3.2 miles northeast of station, nail in stump of gum tree 

Turnerville, 4 miles northeast of, at road crossing east of track, nail in root of 
persimmon tree 

Tallulah Lodge, 40 feet east of track, nail in side of hickory tree 

Tallulah Falls station, 20 feet south of, 70 feet east of public road, rock, 
bronze tablet marked " 1569 Atlanta " 

Tallulah Falls, 0.5 mile north of east of, at forks of road, 50 feet south of 
bridge over river 



1,371.991 
1, 436. 353 
1,444 
1,457.576 

1,419.40 
1, 440. 16 
1, 513. 52 
1, 475. 66 
1, 542. 98 
1, 590. 48 
1, 588. 65 

1, 612. 33 
1, 605. 84 

1, 568. 302 

1,457.92 



HALL AND 
HOYT. 



TUGALOO RIVER. 



25 



Elevation from point 2 miles south of Tallulah Falls south down Tugaloo and Savannah rivers 
to mouth of Broad River, Lisbon, Ga. 



Elevation in 
feet. 



Turnerville, 3.2 miles east of station, nail in stump of gum tree 

Turnerville, 4.3 miles east of, nail in root of oak tree 

Turnerville, 4.4 miles east of, nail in root of pine tree 

Turnerville, 5.1 miles east of, south of road, point on rock 



1, 588. 65 

1, 504. 20 

1,386.10 

979. 72 



Elevations on Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


0.0 

.0 
.0 


Junction of Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, 200 feet 
gum tree, west side of Tallulah River, nail in root o 

Junction of rivers, 100 feet northwest of; edge of river, 

Junction of Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, water sur 

Tugaloo River, head of, pine tree, nail in root of. . . . 


northwest of, 
I gum tree .... 

point on rock. 

face - - 


762. 65 
761.29 

754 


.0 






728. 86 


.7 


Island, head of, surface of water . 


723 


.8 


Surface of water 


711 


2 


Surface of water 


698 


2 


West side of river, point on rock 


698. 79 


2.1 


Surface of water - 


690 


2.4 


Surface of water 


686 


2.8 


Hickory tree, nail in root of. . • 


690. 51 


2.8 


Surface of water 


684 


2.9 


Surface of water 


681 


3. 1 


Small stream, mouth of, surface of water . . 


674 


4.4 


Panther Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


669 


4.4 


Panther Creek, 600 feet south of mouth and 50 feet west of i 
west edge of public road, in large rock, bronze tablet marked 
Atlanta" 


'iver, 
"715 


713. 793 


5.3 


Surface of water 


667 


5.4 


Deaton Ford, surface of water 


666 


5.4 


Small bridge, surface of water 


664 


5.4 


Walnut tree, nail in root of 


676. 45 


6.3 


Surface of water 


659 


6.4 


Small creek, South Carolina side, mouth of, surface o 
Walnut tree, 100 feet west of river, nail in root of... 


f water. . 




655 


7.4 




664. 87 


7.5 


Small boat landing, surface of water 


652 


8 


Big John Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


650 


8.9 


Prather's bridge, 100 feet northwest of river and old 1 
wood tree, nail in side of 


)ridge, cotton- 


659. 02 


8.9 


Surface of water 


648 


9.9 


James Prather homestead, middle step front entrance 
marked "728 Atlanta" 


, bronze t 


ablet 


726. 873 



26 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 

Elevations on Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls — Continued. 



[no. 115. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


10.5 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


646 


11.5 


Surface of water 


644 


11.5 


Apple tree, 600 feet west of river, nail in root of 


657. 40 


13 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


642 


13 


Gum tree, 10 feet west of river, nail in root of 


658. 51 


13.8 


Gum tree, west edge of river, nail in root of 


651. 33 


13.8 


Toccoa Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


641 


13.9 
15.4 


Jarrett Bridge, surface of water (during flood Mar. 21, 1903) 

Water oak tree, 4 feet east of river, nail in root of 


642.5 
642. 50 


15.4 


Walnut tree, 50 feet west of railroad bridge, nail in root of 


660. 52 


15.4 


Railroad biidge crossing Tugaloo River, west abutment, bronze 
tablet marked "666 Atlanta": 


665. 467 


15.4 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


640 


16.4 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


639 


16.5 


Sycamore tree, 50 feet south of river, nail in root of 


641.09 


16.5 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


637 


17.5 


50 feet east of river, birch tree, nail in root of 


646. 91 


18 


Surface of water 


636 


18 


200 feet east of county road, 100 feet west of river, walnut tree, nail 
in root of . 


648. 60 


19 


Saw mill, mouth of stream opposite, surface of water 


632 


19.1 


Walnut tree, nail in root of 


647. 65 


20.1 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


630 


21.3 


Swamp bush, 3 feet northwest of river, nail in top of 


634. 60 


21.7 


Rock Creek, 10 feet south of, walnut tree, nail in root of. . 


640. 35 


21.7 


Surface of water 


624 


22 


Jenkins Ferry, 400 feet northwest of, 200 feet west of river, walnut 
tree, nail in root of : 


638. 10 


22 


W. J. Perkins homestead, north side of house, in chimney, 2 feet 


o 730. 754 


22 


Surface of water 


624 


22 


High water 


638 


22.3 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


622 


22.4 


Walnut tree, nail in stump. . 


635. 56 


22 6 


Walnut tree, 40 feet west of river, nail in root of 


634. 32 


23.2 


Birch tree, on edge of small stream, nail in root of 


629. 55 


24 5 




618 


24 5 




619. 47 


25. 1 


Surface of water 


616 


25 5 




625. 12 


25.7 


Surface of water 


614 



a The above is on a single spur line. 



HAM, AND 
HOYT. 



TUGALOO RIVER. 

Elevations on Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls — Continued. 



27 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 

in feet. 


26 1 


Old stump, 41 feet west of river, nail in. . 


615. 42 


26.3 


Head of Shelor Shoals, surfaee of water 


610 


27 6 


Walnut tree, 10 feet north of river, nail in root of. 


614. 54 


27.6 


Surf aee of water 


607 


27.9 


Surface of water 


605 


28. 1 


Large creek, mouth of, surface of water 


604 


29.1 


Pine tree, 5 feet northeast of river, nail in top of 


623. 27 


29.3 


Shelor Ferry, water oak tree, 10 feet northeast of river, nail in 
root of 


606. 46 


29.3 


Surface of water . 


600 


29.3 


Shelor Ferry, 0.3 mile southwest of; 100 feet northwest of I. E. 
Martin's house, 10 feet north of road, in large rock, bronze tablet 
marked "630 Atlanta" 


628. 875 


30.1 


Stream, mouth of, surface of water 


599 


30.3 


Sycamore tree, 10 feet north of river, nail in root of 


601. 17 


30.3 


Mouth of stream, near bend in river, surface of water. 
Water oak stump, 10 feet north of river, nail in root c 




597 


30.4 


f 


598. 10 


30.4 




595 


31.8 


Gum Log Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


592 


32.3 


Near Middle Branch, apple tree, nail in root of 




597. 79 


32.4 


Surface of water 




590 


33.1 


Surface of water 


588 


33.6 


Knox Bridge, 100 feet west of, in fork of road, maple 
root of 


tree, nail in 


602. 73 


33.6 


Knox Bridge, 200 feet west of S. A. Glenn's house, 
bronze tablet marked "613 Atlanta " 


in chimney, 


612.241 


33.6 


Surface of water 




588 


34.3 


Surface of water 




587 


34.3 
35.3 


25 feet northwest of Shoal Creek, dead stump, nail in 
Shoal Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


top of 


598. 34 
586 


35.3 
35.4 
36.1 


Pine stump, 200 feet north of river, nail in top of . 

Knox Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

Oak tree, 900 leet north of river, nail in root of 




601.72 

586 

591.83 


36.5 
37.5 

37.8 


Burton Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

South side of river, point on bottom of cliff 

Pullins Ferry, 250 feet south of, 10 feet north of road, 
nail in root of 


red oak t ree, 


582 
5S8. 07 

596 59 


37.8 
38.4 


Pullins Ferry, surface of water 

Cleveland Shoals, head of, surface of water '. 


581 
578 


39.6 
39.6 
39.8 


Averys Ferry, sycamore tree 10 feet north of river, aa 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Bottom of cliff, 2 feet south of river, point on rock. . . 


1 in root of . . 


584.36 

578 

581.95 



28 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 
Elevations on Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls— Continued. 



[NO. 115. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


39.8 


Averys Ferry, 20 feet south of river, top of cliff, in rock, bronze 
tablet marked " 588 Atlanta " 


587. 443 


40.3 
40.3 


Bradberrys Ferry, walnut tree 100 feet south of river, nail in root of. . 
Chandlers Shoals, head of, surface of water . . 


581. 95 
575 


40.7 


Bottom of cliff, 1 foot south of river, point on rock 


577. 26 


40.8 


Beech tree, 1 foot south of river, nail in root of 


572. 24 


40.8 


Surface of water 


570 


40.9 


Reed Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


564 


41.1 


Foot of Chandlers Shoals, surface of water 


562 


41.4 
41.7 


Reed Creek, 900 feet east of 10 feet south of river, nail in stump . . 
Boat landing, birch tree, nail in root of 


566. 95 
563. 72 


42.3 


Hatton Shoals, head of, surface of water 


560 


42.8 


North edge of river, F. Clark's house, 1,000 feet south of, nail in 
root of maple tree 


556. 79 


42.8 


Surface of water 


555 


43.3 
43.3 


Big Beaverdam Creek, 25 feet east of, nail in root of beech tree 

Surface of water 


554. 01 
546 


43.7 


Large pine tree, 25 feet east of small stream, 5 feet north of river, 
nail in root of 


537. 07 


43.7 


Surface of water 


535 


44.2 


Hatton Ford, bottom of cliff, point on rock 


526. 91 


44.2 


Surface of water 


525 


44.5 


Mouth of branch, surface of water 


522 


44.7 


Mouth of branch, surface of water 


519 


45.3 


Water oak tree, 30 feet northeast of river, nail in root of 


529. 36 


46.3 


Beech tree, 15 feet east of river, nail in root of 


525. 17 


46.3 


Surface of water 


519 


46.6 


Burnt stump, 40 feet east of river, nail in top of 


524. 70 


46.6 


Surface of water 


518 


47.7 


Andersonville, S. C, 0.5 mile north of, twin beech tree 15 feet north 
of river, nail in root of 


522. 27 


47 8 


Mouth of branch, surface of water 


516 


48.2 


Foot of rapids, surface of water 


511 


48.2 


Andersonville, S. C, east side of road, 200 feet east of river, north- 
west of Little Broadway Creek, in rock, bronze tablet marked 
" 538 Atlanta" 


537. 519 


48 2 


"l^rouris " Ferry, surface of water 


510 


48 2 


20 feet west of river, point on rock ... 


514. 45 









H ^oYi\ r J RIVEK SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 29 

SAVANNAH RIVER FROM ANDERSONVILLE, S. C, TO LISBON, GA. 

Savannah River, which flows between Georgia and South Carolina, 
is formed by the junction of Seneca and Tugaloo rivers at Ander- 
sonville, Anderson County, S. C. Tugaloo River is in turn formed 
by the junction of Tallulah and Chattooga rivers at a point about 3 
miles below Tallulah Falls, Georgia. 

Savannah River proper flows in a southeasterly direction through 
a rather hilly country, which is chiefly devoted to the production of 
cotton and corn. On the lowlands these crops are sometimes dam- 
aged by high water. The river contains many small islands, some 
of which are in a high state of cultivation. 

During April and May, 1903, a survey of Savannah River between 
Andersonville, S. C, and the mouth of Broad River, near Lisbon, Ga., 
a distance of 42 miles, was made by Carroll Caldwell, field assistant. 
In the above distance there is a fall of 219 feet. The primary levels 
for this survey were based on the United States Geological Survey 
bench mark at Andersonville, S. C. Field sheets were plotted on 
the scale of 1 : 22,500, and during the course of the survey 7 tablets 
and 62 temporary bench marks were established, 91 water-surface 
elevations determined, and the following possible powers noted. 

The first shoal of importance is the McDaniels Shoal, where there 
is a fall of 19 feet in 2 J miles. Half a mile above the foot of the 
shoal and at the head of Harper Island is an excellent site for a 
dam about 700 feet long. 

At Turners Shoals there is a fall of 17 feet in about 2\ miles. These 
shoals begin at Kenly Ferry and extend to Craft Ferry. The river 
widens considerably about a mile below Kenly Ferry and has several 
good sites, one being on Craft Island. These shoals could be devel- 
oped only at considerable expense, as a dam would have to be 1,000 
feet long. 

Half a mile below, the Middleton Shoals have a fall of 1 1 feet in 
1 j miles and offer an excellent site for a dam. The bottoms and 
sides are of rock. 

One mile below are Gregg Shoals with a 7-foot fall in about a 
mile. Here the river runs between steep hills and a dam would 
be about 900 feet long. 

Half a mile below Moseley Ferry are the Cherokee Shoals, having 
a fall of 18.9 feet in less than 3 miles. This is a ver}< fine power site, 
as the river runs between steep hills. A dam would be about 1,000 
feet long and would be placed one-fourth of a mile above the Seaboard 
Air Line bridge. 

One and one-fourth miles below the bridge are Trotters Shoals with 
a fall of 69 feet in 6 miles. These are considered the finest shoals 



30 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



on the river. They commence at the foot of Watkins Island and 
run below Tates mill to Coffee Creek. In this distance there are 
numerous rocky bluffs where there are excellent dam sites. 

From the foot of Trotters Shoals to the mouth of Broad River, 
the end of the survey, there is a uniform fall of 3 feet per mile. 

Elevations on Savannah River from Andersonville, S. C, to Lisbon, Ga. a 



Distance 
in miles. 



48.2 

48.7 
48.7 
49.3 
49 3 
50.5 
50.6 
50.7 
51.4 
51.4 
52.3 
52.3 
52.3 
52.8 
53.3 
53.3 
53.3 
53.3 

54.6 
54.8 

55 
55 
55.7 

55.7 
55.7 
56.1 
56.1 
56.1 
56.1 
56.8 
56.8 



Andersonville, S. C, east side of road, 200 feet east of river, northeast 
of Little Broadway Creek, bronze tablet marked " 538 Atlanta " 

Seneca River, mouth of, surface of water 

Small pine tree, nail in root of 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

Sycamore tree on edge of branch and river, nail in root of 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Opposite island, 50 feet west of river, willow stump, nail in top of. 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

In footpath, 10 feet west of river, large red oak tree, nail in root of. 

Lightwood Log Creek, 400 feet west of river, tripple water oak tree . 

Carters Ferry, surface of water 

High water 

Lightwood Log Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

60 feet west of river, large walnut tree, nail in root of 

Browns Ferry, 40 feet west of, double water oak tree, nail in root of. 

Surface of water 

High water 

Browns Ferry, 1,200 feet northeast of O. C. Brown ; s house, in brick 
and stone abutment at rear of, northwest corner, bronze tablet 
marked " 518 Atlanta " 

Powderbag Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Creek, 520 feet south of, 30 feet west of river, box elder tree, nail in 
root of 

Dooley Ferry, 114 feet west of river, poplar tree, nail in root of . . . 

Surface of water 

Craft Island, opposite, hanging over edge of river, maple tree, nail. . 
in root of 

Surface of water 

Long Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

30 feet south of river, large poplar tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water — 

McDowells Shoals, head of, surface of water 

High-water mark 

70 feet southwest of river, pine tree, nail in root of . 

Surface of water 

a Continued from Tugaloo River elevations. See p. 28. 




Feet above mean sea level 



irk 115—05- 



,IA 1 I I( I )Y ^ ,) ] SAVANNAH RIVER. 31 

Elevations on Savannah River from Andersonville, S. C, to Lisbon, Ga. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 

in feet. 


57.3 
57.3 


Turner Creek, mouth of, southwest of river, birch tree, nail in root of. 
Surface of water 


473. 43 
471 


57.5 


20 feet southwest of river, birch tree, nail in root of 


476. 13 


57.5 


Surface of water 


470 


58 


Harper Island, 0.1 mile west of, red oak tree bending over edge of 
river, nail in root of 


472. 57 


58.7 


Surface of water 


466 


59.1 


Parks Ferry, 0.2 mile above, west side of ferry road, opposite colored 
house, foot of steep hill, in cliff, bronze tablet marked "495 
Atlanta " 


494. 435 


59.3 
59.3 


Parks Ferry, 15 feet west of river, large red oak tree, nail in root of. 
Surface of water 


468. 53 
461 


59.5 


Surface of water 


460 


60.5 


Mulberry tree stump, west side of river, nail in root of 


462.42 


60.5 


Surface of water 


458 


60.8 
60.8 


Saddlers Old Ferry, 40 feet west of river, rock cliff, point on rock. 
Surface of water 


466. 598 
458 


60.9 


60 feet south of river, hickorv tree, nail in root of 


471.27 


60.9 


Surface of water 


457 


61.5 


Cedar Creek, 500 feet north of river, large black oak tree, nail in 
root of 


460. 66 


61.5 


Cedar Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


455 


62.3 


Kinleys Ferry, 0.1 mile southwest of; 10 feet west of river, white 
ash tree, nail in root of 


457 68 


62.3 


Surface of water 


454 


62.4 


Turners Shoals, head of, surface of water 


453 


62.5 


McMullins Branch, mouth of, surface of water 


450 


64.2 


50 feet south of river, small hickory tree, nail in root of 


456. 55 


64.3 


Shoals, surface of water 


450 


65.8 


200 feet west of river, black oak tree, nail in root of . 


459. 62 


65.9 


Surface of water 


443 


66.2 


25 feet west of river, black oak tree, nail in root of 


445.80 


66.2 


Surface of water 


440 


66.9 
66.9 


Craft Ferry, 10 feet west of river, red oak tree, nail in root of 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


443. 67 
437 


66.9 


Craft Ferry, 125 feet west of boat landing, 60 fc<>t west of river, in 
rock, aluminum tablet marked "450 Atlanta" 


449. 306 


66.9 


Foot of Turners Shoals, surface of water 


437 


68.1 


Middlcton Shoals, head of, surface of water 


435 


68.5 


Barnes Island, opposite, 125 feet west of river, small black oak tree, 


1 13 11 


68.5 


Surface of water 


131 


68.7 


300 feet west of river, on top of cliff, dogwood tree, nail in root of. 


457. 46 



32 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Savannah River from Andersonville, S. C, to Lisbon, Ga. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



69.5 
69.8 
69.8 
70.2 
70.2 
70.9 
71 

71.3 

72.4 
72.4 
72.8 
73.2 
73.4 
73.7 
73.7 
73.8 
74.3 

75.8 
76.2 

76.2 
76.2 
76.4 

77 
77.3 

77.3 
77.3 
77.6 

78.1 
78.4 

78.4 
78.9 
79.2 
79.2 
79.6 
79.6 
80.5 
80.8 



West edge of river, willow stump, nail in root of 

Middleton Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

20 feet west of river, post-oak tree, nail in root of 

Powells Ferry, 20 feet west of river, water oak tree, nail in root of. 

Powells Ferry, surface of water. .". 

Surface of water 

Powells Ferry, 0.8 mile south of, 150 feet west of river, white ash 
stob, nail in top of 

Gregg Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Black Ferry, 25 feet west of river, nail in root of birch tree 

Black Ferry, surface of water 

350 feet east of river, octagon burnt tree stump, nail in root of . 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

350 feet east of river, persimmon tree stump, nail in root of 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

Mill, opposite, surface of water 

Coldwater Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

350 feet east of river, 140 feet southwest of small branch, persimmon 
tree, nail in root of . 

Aliens Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Harper Ferry, 20 feet east of river, southside of road, water oak 
tree, nail in root of. 

Surface of water 

High-water mark 

250 feet southeast of W. J. Taylor's house, side of brook, in lime- 
stone rock, bronze tablet marked " 420 Atlanta " 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

Ruckers and Tuckers Ferry, 40 feet southeast of and 5 feet west of 
river, willow tree, nail in side of 

Surface of water 

High- water mark 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

English Creek, 60 feet west of, 50 feet north of river, white hickory 
stump, nail in root of , 

English Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

McCauleys Island, 900 feet south of head of, surface of water 

McCauleys Ferry, 40 feet west of river, ash stump, nail in root of. . 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

150 feet north of river, beech tree, nail in root of 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water '.. . 

Surface of water 



HALL AND 
HOYT. 



SAVANNAH RIVER. 33 

Elevations on Savannah River from An&ersonviUe, S. C, to Lisbon, Ga. — Continued. 



50 feet east of river, walnut tree, nail in root of 

Moseley Ferry, 50 feet east of river, walnut tree, nail in root of . . . . 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Large falls, head of, surface of water 

50 feet east of river, twin pine tree, nail in root of 

Cherokee Shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 

125 feet east of river, oak tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Carter Island, ferry, 40 feet west of river, white oak tree, nail in 
root of 

Surface of water 

Rocky River, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Seaboard Air Line bridge, abutment, east side of bridge, bronze 
tablet marked "383 Atlanta' ' 

Watkins Island, lower end of, 15 feet north of river, oak tree, nail 
in root of 

Watkins Island, 150 feet southwest of, on mainland, dead stump, 
nail in side of 

Trotter's shoals, head of, surface of water 

Shoals, surface of water 

Head of island, surface of water 

Surface of water 

75 feet west of river, nail in stub 

Calhoun Island, end of, surface of water 

60 feet southwest of river, black ash tree, nail in root of 

Trotters Shoals, in, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Cliff, bottom of, on rock, point 

Calhoun Ferry, triple cedar tree, 75 feet west of river, nail in 
root of 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

50 feet southwest of river, in path, pine tree, nail in root of 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

10 feet southeast of road, Spanish oak, 400 feet west of river, nail 
in root of tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



398. 77 
400 
392 
392 
391 
390 

399. 23 
388 
379 

385. 75 
374 

382. 52 
373 
372 
371 

382. 161 

375.7 

374. 59 

367 

364 

362 

358 

367.4 

356 

365. 01 

353 

351 

354.27 

348. 39 
340 
336 
341. 32 

329. 7 
328 

338.61 
325 

322 



34 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Savannah River from Andersonville, S. C, to Lisbon, Ga. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


89.2 


200 feet west of river, on top of steep hill, in footpath, hickory tree, 
nail in root of 


360.67 


89.7 


Calhoun Ferry, 2.5 miles southeast of, 50 feet west of river, in large 
bronze tablet marked " 320 Atlanta " 


319. 252 


89.4 


Surface of water 


318 


89.7 


Surface of water 


313 


90.1 


Surface of water 


308 


90.2 


Surface of water 


304 


90.3 


10 feet west of river, 300 feet north of old mill, water oak, nail in 
root of 


305. 90 


90.3 


Surface of water 


301 


90.4 


Surface of water 


299 


91.3 


Branch, mouth of, surface of water 


292 


91.3 


10 feet west of river, dead birch tree, nail in root of 


300. 21 


91.8 


Surface of water 


291 


92.3 


Creek, surface of water 


289 


92.8 
92.8 


Clarks Ferry, 200 feet west of river, water oak, copper tack in root . . 
Surface of water 


309. 13 

287 


92.8 


High-water mark r , 


307 


93.7 


Creek, 1,500 feet below, surface of water 


285 


93.9 


50 feet west of river, gum tree, copper tack in side of 


299. 66 


94.2 


Surface of water 


284 


96.1 
96.1 


Petersburg Ferry, east side of road, dead black gum, nail in root of. . 
Broad River, mouth of, surface of water 


293. 41 

281 


96.2 


South side of ferry road, water oak, nail in root of 


295. 77 


96.4 


Lisbon, in brick wall of R. L. Cade's store, bronze tablet marked 
" 328 Atlanta " 


327. 85 









CHATTOOGA RIVER BELOW RUSSELL, S. C. 

Between July 19 and August 10, 1903, Chattooga River was sur- 
veyed from its mouth, near Tallulah Falls, Georgia, to Russell Bridge, 
near Russell, S. C, a distance of 30 miles. In that distance there 
is a fall of 809 feet. A line of secondary levels was run, based on 
a primary bench mark of the United States Geological Survey 3 miles 
below Tallulah Falls. The field sheets were plotted on the scale of 
1:22,500, and during the course of the survey 23 bench marks were 
established and 97 water-surface elevations were noted. 

Chattooga River contains many available undeveloped power sites. 
From its mouth to War Woman Creek, a distance of 22 miles, the 
river runs through a wild, rugged country, almost uninhabited. It 



UAI.L AND 
IIOYT. 



CHATTOOGA RIVER. 



35 



flows in a gorge almost the entire distance and is very narrow and 
swift. There are numerous dam sites in this section, as the river is 
almost one continuous shoal and has an average fall of 33 feet to the 
mile, with a fine rock bottom and cliffs on either side. The rock is 
excellent for building purposes. 













CD 

W 

(S 

o -- 








to 

^ a / 
a) ^y 

CD / 

s/ 
/ 


x 




5 


CD / 
C / 

c J 










v Junction with Tallul 













1.750 



1,500 



1,250 § 



1,000 



Mil*- 



Fig. 



20 IS 10 ;1 

Profilo of Chattooga River below Russell, S. C. 



750 



From War Woman Creek to Lone Bottom Ford, a distance of 5 miles, 
the bottoms widen considerably, and there are a few cultivated farms. 
Halfway, at Laurel Branch, there is an excellent site for a 12-foot 
dam, which would back water one-half mile without damage to culti- 
vated lauds. Here there is a good rock bottom and rocky bluffs on 
eachside. Fromahalf mile above Laurel Branch to Russell Bridge, 



36 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



the end of the survey, the bottoms are considerably wider and mostly 
cultivated. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an aluminum 
tablet marked " 1050 M C" at Washington street entrance to the 
State capitol at Atlanta, the elevation of which is now accepted as 
1,049.546 feet above mean sea level. The initial point upon which 
these levels depend is a bench mark of primary levels of Tugaloo 
and Savannah River surveys at the mouth of Chattooga River. The 
elevations accord with the 1903 adjustment. 

The leveling was done under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, field 
assistant, by Thomas B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

Elevations on Chattooga River from its mouth to Russell Bridge, Ga., 0.7 mile north of 

Russell S. G. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



0.0 

.0 

.0 
.2 
.7 
1 

1.2 
1.9 
1.9 
2.1 
2.6 
3 
4 
4 

4.1 
4.5 
4.7 
4.9 
4.9 
5 

5.1 
5.2 
5.3 
5.6 
5.6 
5.6 
5.8 



Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, 100 feet north of junction, point 
on rock 



Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, white oak tree 75 feet west of junc- 
tion of, 25 feet north of Tallulah River, nail in root of oak tree. . . 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of stream, surface of water. ; 

Worse Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Small stream on north edge of river, Spanish oak, nail in root of — 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

North side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

East side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

East side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of stream, head of shoals, surface of water 

Camp Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Trail Ford, point on rock 20 feet east of river 

Trail Ford, surface of water 

I Surface of water 



761. 29 

762. 21 
754 
759 
763 
765 
766 
776. 27 
772 
775 
788. 63 
779 
851. 51 
849 
869 
892 
899 
918. 27 
919 
929 
939 
949 
954 
961 

967. 50 
962 
969 



HALL AND 
HOYT. 



CHATTOOGA RIVER. 



37 



Elevations on Chattooga River from its mouth to Russell Bridge, Ga., 0.7 mile north of 
Russell, S. C. — Continued. 



Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Cliff Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Cliff Creek, 500 feet above, east side river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Chechero Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

East side of river on edge of bank, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Iron bridge, South Carolina side, iron bar under bridge, point on 

Iron bridge, surface of water 

High water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of creek, surface of water 

Head of falls, surface of water 

Mouth of stream, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of stream, surface of water 

Surface of water 

50 feel south of island, east side of river, 10 feel from bank, point on 
rock 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

South Carolina side of river, at large cliff, point on rock. 

Surface of water 

Mouth of Fall Creek, surface of water 



979 

989 

999 

000 

029 

035 

045. 26 

039 

049 

059 

069 

079 

089 

099 

109 

119 

129 

149 

152. 43 

159 

168. 95 

166.3 

177 

169 

173 

179 

183 

189 

199 

204 

209 

217.86 
219 

223 

229 

232 

239 

246.53 

249 

202 



38 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Chattooga River from its mouth to Russell Bridge, Ga., 0.7 mile north of 
Russell, S. C. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 


1 


268 


1 


279 


1 


289 


1 


296 


1 


299 


1 


308 


1 


309 


1 


310.4 


1 


319 


1 


329 


1 


332 


1 


340 


1 


359 


1 


366.4 


1 


360 


1 


376.1 


1 


375 


1 


381 


1 


399 


1 


406 


1 


411 


1 


416. 5 


1 


419 


1 


429 


1 


439 


1 


449 


1 


452.9 


1 


459 


1 


469 


1 


473 


1 


481. 8 


1 


479 


1 


486.7 


1 


486 


1 


486 


1 


494.1 


1 


492 


1 


499 


1 


510. 5 


1 


505 



14.5 
14.7 
15 

15.7 

16 

16.6 

16.8 

16.9 

17 

17.4 

17.8 

18 

18.7 

18.7 

18.9 

19.1 

19.2 

19 

19.7 

19.8 

20 

20 

20.2 

20.6 

20.7 

20.8 

21 

21.2 

22 

22.1 

22.3 

22.7 

23 

23 

23 

23.8 

23.8 

24.8 

25.2 

25.2 



Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Rich Creek, mouth, surface of water 

Surface of water 

South Carolina side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water : 

Sandy Bottom, 1,000 feet below, east side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

East side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

300 feet below falls, at bend in river, point on rock 

Foot of falls, surface of water 

Head of falls, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Rock Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Sandy Ford, surface of water 

Sandy Ford, 75 feet north of, 15 feet east of river, nail in root of 
white oak tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Dick Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water , 

East side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

4 feet east of river, nail in root of large pine tree 

Surface of water 

Earl Ford, 100 feet below ford, east side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

War Woman Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

South side of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

West side of river, point on rock. . 

Surface of water 



HAT 
H< 



)YT. J 



CHATTOOGA AND BROAD HI VERS. 



39 



Elevations on Chattooga River from its mouth to Russell Bridge, Ga., 0.7 mile north of 
Russell, S. C. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



26 

26.3 

26.4 

26.4 

26.8 

27.1 

27.9 

28 

28.7 

29.7 

30.6 

30.6 

30.6 



Horseback Ford, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Ford, 65 feet above, north side of river, nail in live stub (white oak 
tree ) 

Surface of water „ . 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Barlow Stream, center of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Long Bottom Ford, east side, nail in fork of sugar maple tree 

Small stream, mouth of river at, surface of water 

West Fork, mouth of, surface of water 

Wooden bridge, above Russell, S. C, southwest side of bridge, 
point on bolt 

Bridge, surface of water 



Elevation 

in feet. 



1,518 
1,519 

1,522.66 

1,521 

1,529 

1,539 

1,547.26 

1,549 

1,557.68 

1,554 

1,563 

1,584.84 
1 , 564 



BROAD RIVER BELOW CARNESVILLE, GA. 

Between June 9 and July 16, 1903, Broad River was surveyed 
from its mouth, near Lisbon, Ga., to Harrison Bridge, near Carnes- 
ville, Ga., a distance of 64^ miles. In that distance there is a fall 
of 316 feet. The field sheets were plotted on the scale of 1:22,500, 
and the survey was accompanied with a line of secondary levels 
based on the primary bench mark of the United States Geological 
Survey at Lisbon, Ga. During the course of the survey 54 bench 
marks were established and 109 water elevations determined. 

The flow is very gradual from the mouth to Milford Shoals, a dis- 
tance of 2 miles. These shoals have a fall of 8 feet in a distance 
of one-third of a mile, and are about 500 feet wide. The river bot- 
toms are wide up to the foot of Anthony Shoals, b\ miles from the 
mouth of the river. Here is the finest power site on the river, there 
being a fall of 58 feet in If miles, with rock bottom and rock bluffs 
on each side. A dam at this point would have to be 1,000 feet 
long. The rock is granite and would furnish excellent material for 
building purposes. At the end of these shoals, on the Elbert County 
side, are the remains of a wing dam which furnished power for a 
cotton mill now in ruins. 

From here to Fishdam Shoals, 9^ miles, the river lias a fall of 
9 feet .with wide, cultivated bottoms on either side for most of the 
distance. At Fishdam there is a 3-foot dam about 250 feet long 
which furnishes power for a grist and saw mill. 



40 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



From Fishdam to the mouth of South Broad River, 15 J miles, 
there is a fall of 23 feet with no shoal of any consequence. The 
bottoms are wide in most places and are in a high state of cultiva- 
tion. 

One mile above South Broad River are the Detwiler Shoals, with 
a fall of 7 feet in half a mile. A dam at this point would be about 
300 feet long. A mile and a half farther are the lower Moore Shoals, 
with a fall of 6 feet in a quarter of a mile, and good outcrop of hard 
rock on both sides. A dam here would be about 350 feet long. 

Five miles farther up are the Payton Shoals, with a fall of 4 feet 
in a quarter of a mile. Here the steep banks show granite on the 
southeast side. 

Two and one-half miles upstream are the Cowpen Shoals, with a 
fall of 8 feet. This is an excellent site for a dam, having rock bot- 
tom and sides. Two miles upstream are Moore Shoals, with a fall 



> 

3 

A 


o 




CO 








C3 
O 

A 






o 
w 

o 

O 
CO - 




^ 

jl 




l. 00 

5 a 
<t> a 


w 

>> 




1 

re 








o 
o 

.a 




o 

3^ 











Miles 65 



55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 

Fig. 5.— Profile of Broad River below Carnesville, Ga. 



500 g 



250 



of 19 feet in three-fourths of a mile. The river here is about 400 
feet wide, with solid rock bluffs on either side. 

One-half mile beyond are Brown Shoals, with a 10-foot fall in one- 
third of a mile. A dam here would be about 400 feet long and would 
have an excellent foundation. One and three-fourths miles upstream 
are the Bryant Shoals, with a fall of 20 feet in 1\ miles. This is an 
excellent site for a dam, having good bottoms and rock sides. 

For 12 miles upstream to Double Bridge the shoals are small and 
do not seem important. From Double Bridge to Harrison Bridge, 
at which point the survey ended, a distance of 6 miles, the river is 
very narrow and shoaly, but the volume of water is small. 

The elevations in the following list are based on a bronze tablet 
in a brick wall of R. L. Cade's store at Lisbon, Ga., marked "Atlanta 
328," the elevation of which is accepted as 327.850 feet above mean 
sea level. They accord with the 1903 adjustment of the precise- 
level net. 

The leveling was done under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, 
field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman 



"V.oYT™] BROAD RIVER. 41 

Elevations on Broad River from mouth to Harrison Bridge, 3 miles southwest <>] Canu.sville. 



Lisbon, mouth of Broad River, 870 feet northwest of, south side of 
ferry road, nail in twin water oak 

Broad River, mouth of, surfaee of water 

Broad River, 870 feet northwest of mouth, high-water bench mark . 

Small stream, near, surface of water 

Mill Ford Shoals, foot of, surface of waters 

Mill Ford Shoals, middle of, surface of water 

Mill Ford Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Mill Ford Shoals, 200 feet east of river, near 5-inch elm tree, nail in 
live stob 

Center of bend, surface of water 

Dubose Ferry, 300 feet above, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, at large bend in river, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, at rock cliff, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, at rock cliff, point on rock, 1 foot west of river 

Anthony Shoals, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, in front of old factory, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, at old dam, east edge of river, nail in root of birch tree. 

Anthony Shoals, surface of water 

Anthony Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Burton Ferry, 6 feet south of river, nail in root of Spanish oak tree. . . . 

Surface of water 

Burton Ferry, high water 

Surface of water. 

Mouth of creek, surface of water 

60 feet south of river, 25 feet east of creek, nail in sweet gum tree 

Surface of water 

Bakers Ferry, small shoals, surface of water 

Bakers Ferry, 20 feet southwest of river, nail in root of large birch tree. 

Bakers Ferry, surface of water 

Wall ache Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Bells Bridge, north side, nail in joist 

Bells Bridge, surface of water 

Bells Bridge, high water 

Bells Bridge, floor of 

Bella Bridge, 250 feet north of river, large pine tree near path to river, 
nail in t ree 

Mouth of small stream, surface of water 

Falling Creek, mouth of, surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



295. 77 

280 

300 

281 

281 

288 

289 

304.9 

291 

292 

293 

295 

307 

310 

311.57 

319 

329 

339 

347. 77 

351 

355 

361. 44 

355 

364 

355 

356 

367. 59 

356 

356 

364 

357 

360 

373. 69 

360 

386 

393.2 

375. 34 

361 

362 



42 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Broad River from mouth to Harrison Bridge, 3 miles southwest of Carnes- 

ville — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



16 

16.4 

16.4 

16.4 

16.4 

16.4 

17.7 

18.9 

18.9 

20 

20 

21.3 

22.1 
22.5 

23.1 
23.1 
23.1 
23.1 

24.8 

24.8 

25.2 

25.2 

25.2 

25.5 

26 

26.7 

26.7 

28 
28.5 

28.5 

28.6 

28.6 

30 

30.9 

31 

31.3 

31.3 



Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Fishdam, foot of, surface of water 

Fishdam, head of, surface of water 

Fishdam Ferry, north side river, nail in root of large water oak tree. . 

Fishdam Ferry, surface of water 

Fishdam Ferry, south side of, nail in root of gum tree 

Surface of water 

North of river, point on rock 

Surface of water . 

Grimes old ferry, edge of river, nail in root of white oak tree 

Grimes old ferry, surface of water 

500 feet south of river, river road, 25 feet south of, nail in root of 
Spanish oak 

Mouth of large creek, surface of water 

Pinegrove, 400 feet north of river, 900 feet west of large creek, nail in 
root of pine tree 

Mattox Bridge, north side, nail in plank 

Mattox Bridge, surface of water 

Bridge floor .- 

High water 

Rock cliff, near, 40 feet south of river, nail in root of gum tree 

Surface of water 

Jones Ferry, east side, nail in root of water oak tree 

Jones Ferry, surface of water 

High-water mark 

Jones Ferry, 0.3 mile above -, 40 feet west of river, nail in white oak tree 

Surface of water 

Millstone Creek, mouth of, 60 feet east of, 25 feet south of river, nail in 
side of box elder 

Millstone Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Gold Mine Cliff, surface of water 

Horseshoe Bend, head of, 150 feet south of river, in cornfield, nail in 
Spanish oak 

Dove Creek, mouth of, surface of water. . 

Bend in river, surface of water 

Surface of water i 

260 feet north of river, nail in root of pine tree 

Surface of water 

Martins old ferry, near spring, point on rock 

Junction South Fork and Broad Riveiysoutheast point of rivers, nail 
in side of birch tree 

Surface of water 



\ll. AM' I 
HOYT. 



BROAD RIVER. 



43 



Elevations on Broad River from mouth to Harrison Bridge, •> miles southwest of Carnes- 

ville — Continued. 



Distance 

in miles. 



Detwiler Ferry, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Detwiler Ferry, east side, edge of water, slanting Spanish oak, nail in . 

Detwiler Ferry, head of shoals, surface of water 

Detwiler Ferry, high water 

Seaboard Air Line bridge, abutment, east side of river, 350 feet from. 

Seaboard Air Line bridge, surface of water 

Moore Shoals, surface of water 

Old mill, 25 feet east of river, point on rock 

Old mill, mouth of stream, surface of water 

Moore Shoals, head of, surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Bells Ferry, edge of river, 2 feet from road, overhanging Spanish oak, 
nail in. 

Bolls Ferry, surface of water. 

Bells Ferry, high water 

Harpers Ferry, north side of river, east side ferry, nail in root of black 
gum tree. 

Harpers Ferry, surface of water 

Harpers Ferry, high water 

Holly Branch, mouth of, surface of water . 

Moon Ferry, cast of ferry, nail in side of white oak tree. 

Moon Ferry, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of creek, surface of water 

Payton Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Payton Shoals, east side of river, nail in sycamore tree. 

Payton Shoals, head of shoals, surface of water 



South Payton Ferry, 25 feet from river, east side of ferry, nail in side 
of dead willow tree [ 

Payton Ferry, high water ! 

Payton Ferry, surface of water 

Payton Ferry, high water 

Payton No. 2, head of shoals, surface of water 

Victory Ferry, overhanging birch tree, nail in side of 

Victory Ferry, surface of water 

High water 

Moon Ferry, nail in root of while oak tree 

Moon Ferry, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Moons Shoals, bead of, surface of water 

Bend in river, 1,500 feet east of Mill Creek, east side river, point on 
rock 

Surface of water 



395 


406. 07 


402.1 


423.6 


420.28 


402 


404 


416. 23 


409 


411 


418.87 


412.3 


430 


422.54 


414 


432 


416 


423. 19 


418 


419 


420 


422 


428. 57 


425 


431.35 


449 


427 


449 


429 


432. 17 


430 


4.50 


142.62 


431 


433 


443. 1 1 


438 



44 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROEILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Broad, River from mouth to Harrison Bridge, 3 miles southwest of Carnes- 

ville — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



41.4 
41.4 
42.2 

42.7 
42.7 
42.7 
43.0 
43.3 
43.3 
43.8 
43.8 
44.2 
44.6 
44.6 
45.5 
45.5 
45.5 
45.6 
46.2 
46.5 
46.5 
46.5 
47.7 

47.7 
48.9 
49.6 
50.4 
50.4 
50.4 
50.4 
51.2 
51.6 
52.3 

52.4 
53.2 
53.9 
54.7 
54.7 
54.7 



Mill Shoal Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Moore Ferry, west side of, large spruce oak tree, nail 

Moore Ferry, surface of water 

High water 

Moore Shoal, at spring, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Shoals, surface of water 

Moore Shoals, near head of, point on rock 

Browns Ferry, burnt stump northeast of river, nail in 

Browns Ferry, near head of Moors shoals, surface of water 

Moore Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Dudleys Shoals, east bank of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Dudley Ferry, black gum tree north side of ferry, nail in root 

Dudley Ferry, surface of water 

High-water mark 

Bryant Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Bryant Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Sawmill, Spanish oak tree, 50 feet from river, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Bluestone Creek, north side river, 1 .2 miles below Bluestone Creek, 
point on rock 

Surface of water 

Mouth of Bluestone Creek, surface of water 

Surface of water 

New Lattice Bridge, east side of river, nail in floor of 

Bridge floor 

Bridge, surface of water 

High-water mark 

Mouth of stream, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Winters Creek, just below bend in river, surface of water, temporary 
bench mark 

Winters Creek, mouth of, head of shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of stream, surface of water 

Bragg Ferry, 2 feet from river, nail in root large red oak tree 

Bragg Ferry, mouth of Hudson River, surface of water 

High-water mark 



LLL AND] 
HOYT. 



BROAD RIVER. 



45 



Elevations on Broad River from mouth to Harrison Bridge, 3 miles southwest of Carnes- 

ville — Continued. 



Surface of water 

Dove Bridge, southeast corner of, nail in side of white oak tree 

Dove Bridge, surface of water 

High water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Creek, 60 feet southeast of mouth of, nail in white oak 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Mouth of stream, surface of water. 

Middle Broad and Broad rivers, forks of, walnut tree 75 feet west of 
fork, nail in side 

Surface of water 

Double Bridge, northwest side of, nail in plank 

Surface of water. 

High-water mark 

Bridge floor 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water .- 

Corey Creek, 0.6 mile below, large rock projecting out from bank 
point on 

Small shoals in river, surface of water 

Corey Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Bend, on east side river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Fish dam, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Bend in river, east side, point on rock cliff 

Philip Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Stephens Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Ford, oak tree 75 feet north of, nail in north side of 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Harrison Bridge, east of, north of river, nail in root of Spanish oak t ree . 

Surface of water 

Bridge floor 

High-water mark 



Elevation 
in feet. 



541 

561.78 

542 

569 

548 

552 

554 

563. 30 

556 

556 

575. 16 

557 

581. 11 

563 

576 

584 

570 

573 

581.02 

580 

581 

591. 15 

584 

586 

588 

598. 59 

591 

592 

603.49 

593 

594 

607.07 

596 

613. 7 

612 



irr 115—05 4 



46 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

SOUTH AND OCMULGEE RIVERS, FROM CONSTITUTION TO 

MACON, GA. 

South and Ocmulgee rivers were surveyed from Constitution to 
Macon, Ga. For the first 28 miles the topography was plotted on 
the scale of 1:45,000, but subseouently on the standard scale of 
1 : 22,500. The levels are secondai levels based on the United States 
Geological Survey permanent bench mark at Constitution, Ga. 
Eighty-six bench marks were established and 200 water-surface 
elevations were recorded. 

South River rises in the city of Atlanta and flows in a south- 
easterly direction for 56| miles and then joins Yellow River to form 
the Ocmulgee. For 11 or 12 miles below Constitution, the begin- 
ning of the survey, the river is narrow, being about 15 feet wide at 
places. All along the north side of the river in this stretch are 
extensive beds of clay, which at certain points are being used for 
brickmaking. 

Flakes' mill, 11 miles from Constitution, is the first power now 
utilized on the river. At this point the dam is 6 feet high. Below 
for 6 miles the river remains shoaly and narrow until Flat Shoal 
is reached, where there is a fall of 12 feet with a small gristmill 
using a little of the power. Near here the river is very crooked 
and incloses in its large loops flat, sandy stretches of country, which 
are very fertile. Near Flat Shoal is Littlestone Mountain, with 
valuable granite quarries. 

At Albert Shoals, 7 miles farther down, there is a fall of 16 feet 
in half a mile. The river is here about 125 feet wide and the vol- 
ume is much increased by a number of tributary streams. The 
banks are sloping, with no rock visible. The power site has recently 
been purchased by a company which proposes to develop it. 

At Simm's mill, 3 miles below, is a small 2-foot dam. From here 
to Peachstone Shoals, a distance of 11 miles, there is a fall of 
32 feet, the river winding through good bottom lands. Camp and 
Honey creeks enter the river in this stretch and add a large amount 
of water. At Peachstone Shoals is a 2-foot dam which backs the 
water for one-half mile, and with a canal about 400 feet long 
develops a head of about 9 feet, the power from which drives sev- 
eral turbines operating a grist and a saw mill. Soft rock is visible 
on the west bank, while the east bank is a flat sand bar. 

About 8 miles below are the Snapping Shoals, where there is a 
fall of 20 feet in a distance of 300 yards. Near the lower end of the 
rapids several small islands divide the channel into several parts. 
Solid rock is close to the surface on both sides of the river. A por- 
tion of the power at this point is used in operating a large roller 
flour mill and sawmill. Mr. DeLoach, the owner, is taking steps 



HA I.I. AND 
MOYT. 



SOUTH AND OCMULGEE RIVERS. 



47 



r 50 ~ 



to develop all the power and intends ereeting a large cutton factory 
at this point. 

Three miles below here is Island Shoal, with a fall of 10 feet in 
250 yards. Here there is a flour mill and a furniture factory, both 
operated by a 3-foot dam with a canal 1/200 feet long. The head 
could be increased by adding 5 feet more to this dam without mate- 
rially damaging any property above. This site is an excellent loca- 
tion for power development, as the banks are high and solid and 
the length of the dam would 
probably not exceed 250 
feet. 

Eight miles farther down 
is the Barnes Shoal, at the 
mouth of Yellow River. A 
dam here would be about 
700 feet long. There are 
excellent foundations and 
about a 9-foot fall. 

Farther down the stream 
are Keys Shoils, with a 
3-foot fall and several mi- 
nor riffles to Lloyds Shoals, 
which has a fall of 43 feet 
in about 2 J miles, at the 
lower end of which there 
is a good dam site. The 
river at this point is only 
about 350 feet wide, with 
solid rocky banks rising 50 
feet on either side. A 45- 
foot dam at this point 
would do a trifling amount 
of damage to property 
above. 

Ten miles downstream 
is Smith Shoal, with a fall 
of 12 feet, where a 2-foot 
dam and a long canal at present run Smith's gristmill. At Lamars 
Shoals, 2 miles below, there is a fall of 19 feet in 1 mile with a 
5-foot dam and a canal running a flour mill. The river is here about 
1 ,000 feet wide, with high, rocky banks, and has a number of small 
islands and large rocks scattered all through it. Twelve miles far- 
ther down, at Juliette, Ga., is an important shoal which has been 
developed by Doctor Glover. There is a 15-foot fall in one-half 
mile, which has been developed by an 8-foot dam with a short canal, 



00 

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=4-1 

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.2 

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Dabney Bridg 













300 fe 



50 
Miles 5 10 L5 '20 

Fig. 6.— Profile of South and Oemulgee rivers from Consti- 
tution to Macon, Ga. 



48 



KIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



and runs the Glover cotton mills and the Juliette Milling Company's 
plant. 

Twelve miles below are Dames Shoals, with an 8-foot fall in 600 
feet. A 6-foot dam at this point supplies Carstarphens gristmill, 
which is a large wholesale plant. The bed of the river here is solid 
rock, but a higher dam would flood valuable bottom lands above. 

Popes Shoals have a 5-foot fall in a quarter of a mile, and Taylor's 
shoals have a 5-foot fall within a few hundred yards. 

The elevations in the following lists are based upon an aluminum 
tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol build- 
ing at Atlanta marked " 1050 MC," the elevation of which is accepted 
as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level. The leveling on South and 
Ocmulgee rivers is adjusted to accord with elevations of precise level 
bench marks at Constitution, Holton, and Macon, Ga., by the 1903 
adjustment. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 
field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, level man. 



Elevations on South River from Constitution to junction with Yellow River 

River) near Worthville. 



of Ocmulgee 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.0 

.0 

2 

2 

2.8 

2.8 

7 

7 
10 

12.6 
12.6 
16.3 

16.3 

20.6 
20.6 
23.6 
23.6 
25.3 
26.4 
26.4 



Constitution, 25 feet south of Southern Railroad, 4 feet east of sign- 
board, iron post marked " 847 Morehead 1898 " 

Surface of water 

Intrenehment Creek, mouth of, nail in root of black gum 

Surface of water 

McNeals Bridge, nail in root of sycamore tree 

Surface of water 

Kellers Bridge, north end, iron bolt 

Surface of water 

Shoal Creek bridge, surface of water 

Flake's mill, nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water 

Flat Shoal Bridge, south side of river, east side of approach, on stone 
abutment 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoal. 

Parkers Bridge, nail in root of sweet-gum tree 

Surface of water 

Daniels Bridge, lower side, right end of, point of stone pier 

Surface of water 

Simms Bridge, surface of water 

Knight Creek, 50 feet above mouth, on root of sycamore, nail 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



847. 006 

772 

773. 77 

770 

769. 57 

768 

751. 92 

750 

737 

733. 26 

728 

708. 71 

698 

686 

678. 76 

672 

667. 97 

649 

635 

639. 28 

629 



ML AND"] 



SOUTH AND OCMULGEE RIVERS. 



49 



Elevations on South River jrom Constitution to junction with Yellov) River (head of Ocmulgee 
River) near Worthville — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


31 


Oglesbys Bridge, 25 feet above, nail in root of oak tree . . 


622. 02 
614 
605. 71 


31 


Surface of water 


36 


Peachstone Falls, nail in root of water oak. . 


36 

41 
41 


Peachstone Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Peachstone Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Butler Bridge, 30 feet below, nail in root of red-oak tree 

Surface of water 


597 
589 

587. 15 
569 


43 


Snapping Shoals, head of, surface of water 


562 

559. 66 

542 

536 


43.1 


Snapping Shoals Bridge, 40 feet from north approach, on root of water 
oak 




Snapping Shoals, foot of, surface of water 











45.3 

45. 3 
50.8 

50. 8 
52.1 
52.1 



Island Shoals Bridge, near south approach of, nail in root of white 
oak 

Surface of water 

Manns Bridge, on south side of river, 20 feet below, nail in root of 
hickory tree 

Surface of water 

Yellow River, mouth of, opposite, nail in root of pine tree 

Surface of water 



534. 89 
525 

518. 49 
503 
506. 94 



Elevations on Ocmulgee River jrom head, at junction of South and Yelhnr rivers, near Worth- 
ville, to Macon. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



0.0 

.0 



4.1 

4.1 
6.4 
7.4 
7.4 
7.9 

7.9 
9.2 
9.2 



Yellow River, opposite mouth of, nail in root of pine 506. 94 

Surface of water 498 

Alcovy River, opposite mouth of, nail in root of large while oak" 494. 27 

Surface of water 484 

Tusahaw Creek, mouth of, head of Lloyds Shoals, nail in root of water 

oak ' I 4X2. 12 



Surface of water 

Lloyds Shoals, foot of, surface of water. 

Pittmans Ferry, near south side of, nail in root of beech tree 

Surface of water 

Yellow Water Creek, 30 feet above mouth of, nail in root of hickory 
t ree 



172 
429 
434.96 

125 

433. 97 

Surface of water 422 

Giles Ferry, nail in root of pine tree '■ 430. 01 

Surface of water 420 



50 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[no. 115. 



Elevations on Ocmulgee River from head, at junction of South and. Yellow rivers, near Worth- 

ville, to Macon — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



9.2 
10.7 
10.9 

10.9 
11.9 
11.9 
14.1 
14.1 
17.8 
17.8 
19.4 

19.4 
22.5 
22.5 
22.9 
22.9 
24.4 
24.4 
25.4 
25.9 
27.3 

27.3 
28.5 
28.5 
32.4 
32.4 
33.9 
33.9 
34.9 

35 
36.4 

36.4 
36.9 
36.9 
36.9 
37.9 
37.9 



Smiths Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Smiths Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Smiths Ferry, on south side, 20 feet above landing, nail in root of ash 
tree 

Surface of water 

Lemars Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Lemars Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Goodmans Ferry, south side of river, nail in root of large red oak tree. . 

Surface of water 

Wards Ferry, south side of river, nail in root of water oak 

Surface of water 

Big Sandy Creek, Southern Railway bridge over, 4 feet south of rail, 2 
feet from east end bridge, point on stone pier 

Surface of water 

Bridges Ferry, south side of river, nail in root of large water oak tree. . 

Surface of water 

South bank river, 10 feet from water, nail in root of large oak tree .... 

Surface of water 

Towaliga River, south bank at mouth of, nail in root of red oak 

Surface of water. 

Glovers Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Glovers Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Glovers Ferry, 10 feet south of west approach, nail in root of beech 
tree 

Surface of water 

Mitchells Ferry, 10 feet south of west end, nail in root of red oak tree. 

Surface of water 

25 feet from river, opposite milepost, nail in root of thunderwood tree. 

Surface of water 

Danns Ferry, 10 feet south of west end of, nail in root of ash tree 

Surface of water 

Carstarphens Shoals and dam, head of, surface of water 

Foot of dam, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Rum Creek, north abutment west end of Southern Railway bridge 
over 

Surface of water 

Popes Station, in front of, top of west rail 

Popes Ferry, south end of, nail in root of water oak. 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 



HALL 
HOYT 



, AND I 
IYT. J 



OCMULGEE AND YELLOW RIVERS. 



51 



Elevations on Ocmvlgee River from head, at junction of South and Yellow rivers, near Worth- 

ville, to Macon — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 


41.9 


41.9 


47.7 


47.7 


49.9 


49.9 


54.9 



Holton, 35 foot north of station: 29 feet west of center of track, iron 
post marked ' ' 339 Morehead 1898 " 

Surface of water ^ 

Virgin, west rail of upper switch of Southern Railway at 

Surface of water 

Macon waterworks, just below, 30 feet east of track, 100 feet below 
mouth of small creek on south side of river, nail in root of pine tree 

Surface of water 

Macon, post-office building, at corner of Mulberry and Third streets, 
at left of Mulberry street entrance, in water table, aluminum tablet 
marked ' ' 334 Morehead 1898 " 



Elevation 
in feet, 



338. 733 
299 
322. 52 

282 

301.88 

278 

333. 942 



YELLOW RIVER BELOW YELLOW RIVER, GA. 

Yellow River was surveyed from its mouth, near Worthville, Ga., 
upstream to Simmons's mill, near Yellow River, Ga., a distance of 
57 miles. The scale upon which the field work is plotted is 1 : 22,500. 
During the course of the survey 54 bench marks were established 
and 103 water-surface elevations obtained. 

Yellow River flows in a southeasterly direction and contains some 
valuable power sites, both developed and in a natural condition. 
One-half mile above its mouth are the Indian Fishery Shoals, where 
there is a fall of 12 feet in about 200 feet. The river is here about 
300 feet wide, but a narrow neck projecting just below the shoals 
and several rocky islands considerably reduce the probable expense 
of construction. There is a gristmill and a cotton gin in operation 
here, using perhaps nine-tenths of the available power. 

For 18 miles above the river runs between high banks, alternating 
with low bottoms to Langdon Shoals, without any marked shoals 
except at Lees, where there is a fall of 2\ feet, and Flat Shoals, with 
a 1-foot fall. Langdon Shoals have only a 4-foot fall. 

Three miles above, at Porterdale, is the finest power site on the 
river, where extensive developments have been made by the Bibb 
Manufacturing Company, which has a large cotton and twine factory 
.at this point. Here there is a fall of 67 feet in half a mile, with a 
12-foot dam at the upper end of the shoal. The banks at the foot 
■are very high, but gradually become lower until just above the dam 
large bottoms begin and continue for 5 miles. Five miles above 
the Georgia Railroad is the next power, McDaniels Shoals, where 
there is a 7-foot fall in a very short distance, and a 6-foot dam operat- 
ing a gristmill. The north bank is solid rock, sloping gently, but 



52 



KIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



the south bank shows no outcrop. The power developed by this 
dam could be much increased with small cost. 

Above this point the bottoms become narrower and the river 
banks more rugged and higher until at Milstead, Ga., 4J miles above, 
there is a fall of 45 feet in half a mile. A 15-foot dam, with canal, 
is completed here, and two large cotton factories are being constructed. 
Railroad facilities have recently made this a valuable site for mills, 
and a large granite quarry has been opened up at the same point. 

Eleven miles above are Anniestown Shoals, with a 23-foot fall, 
where there is an 11-foot dam, which formerly supplied power used 
to operate a cotton mill of the old type. The banks here are all 
hard, unseamed rock, and the site could be developed into valuable 
property. 

Two and one-half miles above are some shoals with a 14-foot fall in 
half a mile. The power is undeveloped, but is in a rather inaccessible 



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3 
























•"S 

























750 



Miles 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 

Fig. 7.— Profile of Yellow River below Yellow River, Ga. 



60 



section of the country. Above this point the river flows through a 
very rough country for 10 miles, passing no important shoals until 
the next power is reached, at Yellow River, Ga., the end of the 
survey. Here is a dam 7.3 feet high, which operates the Simmons 
roller mills. The lower reaches of the river are thickly settled, cot- 
ton and grain being the principal crops, but the upper part of the 
river is almost entirely in timber land. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an aluminum 
tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol build- 
ing at Atlanta, marked " 1,050 M C," the elevation of which is 
accepted as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level. The initial point 
of this list is a bench mark of flying levels on Ocmulgee River. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 
field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 



"Vi.'-vT? ] YELLOW RIVER. 

Elevations on Yellow River from mouth near Worthville to YeUov) River, Ga. 



53 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


0.0 


Yellow River, mouth of, opposite, nail in root of pine tree 


506. 94 


.0 


Surface of water . . 


500 


.5 
.5 


Indian Fishery Shoals, 10 feet of from water, nail in root of ash tree. . 
Foot of shoals, surface of water 


517. 24 
504 


.0 


Head of Indian Fishery Shoals, surface of water 


516 


2.5 
2.5 


Aliens bridge, east bank, 20 feet from river, nail in root of maple tree. 
Surface of water 


528. 49 
517 


4.7 


Lees Shoals, foot of, west bank, nail in root of ash tree 


528. 49 


4.7 


Surface of water 


520 




Lees Shoals, head of, surface of water 


523 


6.2 




539. 23 


6.2 


Surface of water 


526 


10.7 


Flat Shoal Bridge, west bank, nail in root of white oak 


551.24 


10.7 


Surface of water 


534 


13.8 


Langdons Shoals, west bank, 15 feet from river, nail in root of white 
oak 


549. 69 


13.8 


Surface of water 


539 




Langdons Shoals, head of, surface of water 


543 


16.9 


Porterdale Shoals, foot of, 10 feet from river, west bank, nail in root 
of white oak 


561. 05 


16.9 


Surface of water 


549 




Porterdale dam, foot of, surface of water 


604 




Porterdale dam, head of, surface of water 


616 


17.7 


Porterdale, 30 feet from dam, 20 feet from south approach, nail in 
root of white oak 


618. 38 


17.7 


Surface of water 


616 


17.7 


Wagon bridge, east side of river, at extreme south end of bridge, top 
of steel post of railing 


627. 81 


20.8 
20.8 


Browns Bridge, 60 feet above, 10 feet from river, on root of gum tree. 
Surface of water 


622. 81 
611.6 


22.8 


Tin Bridge, on west bank river, nail in root of poplar tree 


627. 49 


22.8 


Surface of water 


617 


23 
23 


Georgia Railroad bridge, west side of river, on top of rock, chisel mark. 
Surface of water 


642. 05 
617 


24.3 
26 


Hendricks Bridge, north bank of river, nail in root of water oak .. . 
Haynes Creek, opposite mouth of, nail in root of water oak 


639. 11 
632. 26 


26 


Surface of water 


624. 6 


28.2 
28.2 


McDanicls Bridge, west bank of river, nail in root of large water oak. 
Surface of water 


644. 17 
632 




McDaniels dam, head of, surface of water 


641 


30.5 
30.5 


West side of river, Pine Log Bridge, 10 feet below, nail in root of pine. 
Surface of water 


650.55 
641 



54 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Yellow River from mouth near Worthville to Yellow River, Ga. — 

Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


32.2 


Botosh Creek, 100 yards above mouth of, left bank of river, nail in 
root of pine 


653. 96 


32.2 


Surface of water 


644 


32.8 


Foot of Milstead Shoals, west bank, nail in pine tree 


657. 41 


32.8 


Surface of water 


647 


33 


Milstead, foot of dam, surface of water. . . 


677 


33 


Milstead, top of dam, surface of water 


692 


33 


40 feet above wagon bridge, on south side of river, nail in root of large 
white oak 


701. 33 


33 


Surface of water 


692 


35.4 


Irvins Bridge, 20 feet above, left bank of river, nail in root of hickory 


697. 83 


35.4 


Surface of water 


692 


36.5 


Right bank, nail in root of water oak . 


700. 62 


36.5 


Surface of water 


694 


39.4 


Johnsons Bridge, east end of, top of bolt . . 


717. 53 


39.4 


Surface of water 


702 


40.2 


Surface of water 


705 


40.3 


Surface of water. . . 


707 


40.8 


Surface of water 


709 


40.9 


Surface of water 


711 


40.9 


Old dam, west side, on point in stone masonry 


722. 88 


40.9 


Surface of water 


712 


41.3 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


714 




Head of shoals, surface of water 


715 


41.9 


Opposite shoals, right bank, 20 feet from stream, nail in root of white 
oak 


730. 91 


41.9 


Surface of water 


715 


42.4 


Mountain Creek, opposite, nail in root of white oak 


727. 91 


42.4 


Surface of water 


720 


43.2 




740. 60 


43.2 


Surface of water 


724 


44 




728. 48 


44 


Surface of water 


727 


45.5 


Opposite foot of shoals, nail in root of hickory tree 


748. 83 


45.5 


Surface of water . 


729 






737 




Anniestown dam, foot of, surface of water 


760 




Head of dam, surface of water 


771 


47.2 


Anniestown, east bank of Haydens Branch, nail in root of large 


777. 64 


48.6 


Old mill, on large rock opposite, chisel mark. 


788. 55 



HALL AND"] 
HOYT. J 



VKLLOW AND ALCOVY RIVERS. 



55 



Elevations on Yellow River from mouth near Worthville to Yellow River, Ga.- 

Continuod. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 

in feet. 



48.6 

50.5 
50.5 
51.7 
51.7 



53 
53 
54 
55 
55 
55.7 



Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Sextons Bridge, on stone pier at, top of iron bolt 

Surface of water 

Opposite shoals, nail in root of pine 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, nail in root of hickory tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Yellow River Bridge, left bank, nail in root of oak 

Surface of water 

Yellow River, east bank, 100 yardsa bove Simmons's mill, nail in root 
of large water oak 

Simmons's mill, below dam, surface of water 

Simmons's mill, head of dam, surface of water 



772 

786 

SO!) 9 1 

791 

808. 42 

793 

797 

802 

818. 17 

804 

807 

825.41 

815 

834. 86 

819 

826 



ALCOVY RIVER BELOW DABNEY'S BRIDGE, GEORGIA. 

In connection with this survey 17 bench marks were established 
and 26 water elevations were recorded. The total fall in the distance 
surveyed is 231 feet, but at only two points, namely, White and 
Factory shoals and Henderson Shoals, is the fall considerable. The 
remainder of the river is mostly sluggish, and tree trunks, driftwood, 
and other debris greatly retard the flow, so that during the rahty 
season the river is slow to discharge, causing the water to rise higher 
or spread out wider than is usually the case with rivers in this section 
of Georgia. The average width of the river is about 125 feet, except 
where shoals occur, at which points it sometimes widens to 300 feet. 
Very wide and low bottom lands are on each side for the first 7 miles 
upstream from its mouth. Then the topography suddenly changes 
and is much more abrupt and broken for several miles. 

At the mouth of Bear Creek, which enters from the east 8 miles 
above the mouth of the Alcovy, is the beginning of White and Factory 
shoals, which form one continuous series with a fall of 83 feet in one- 
half mile. Here the river is in a gorge 300 feet wide, with banks 
over 100 feet high at several places, and midway of this shoal is 
an excellent site for a dam. Granite, apparently free from seams. 
is exposed at the surface on both sides of the river, while the river 
bed itself is solid rock. A dam at (his point would be approxi- 



56 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



mately 250 feet long. At the upper end of the shoals is another 
good site with the same character of bottom. A dam would have 
to be about 325 feet in length, and a large volume of water could be 
stored through the dry season, as the valley widens just above the 
dam site. A dam at either site would require a canal from the 
dam to the foot of the shoals. An old corn mill at this point uses 
a small wooden dam to divert the water into its flumes. Many 
years ago a large cotton factory stood on this site, but it was burned 
and never rebuilt. 

Six miles above these shoals are Henderson Shoals, with a fall of 2 
feet. A 6-foot dam has been erected here to supply power for a 
large gristmill, the back water from which extends to Dabney's 
bridge, 4 miles above. 

1,500 



Pi 

c« 

03 
03 

A to 
43 U 
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03 
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03 
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03 


03 

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Miles i 


) 1 


1 


5 2 


2 


5 3 


3 


5 4 


4 


5 5 


5^ 



1,250 



1,000 



75Q 



Fig. 8.— Profile of Alcovy River below Dabney's bridge, Georgia. 



The construction of dams at any other points than those described 
would result in the sacrifice of much valuable bottom land. 

The soil is very fertile, and splendid crops of cotton on the high 
lands and corn in the bottoms are grown on both sides of the river. 
With better drainage, however, a much larger amount of land could 
be reclaimed and made valuable for cultivation. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 
tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building 
at Atlanta marked "1050 M C," the elevation of which is accepted 
as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level, as determined by the 1903 
adjustment. The initial point of this list is a bench mark of flying 
levels on Ocmulgee River. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. 
Franck, field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 



HA i!ovt NI> ] ALCOVY RIVER. 57 

Elevations on Alcovy River, from mouth, near Worthville, to Dabney's bridge, near Starrsville. 



Alcovy River, mouth of, opposite, on west bank of Ocmulgce River, 
nail in root of white oak 

Surface of water 

Right bank of river, nail in root of ash tree 

Surface of water 

East bank of river, near water, nail in root of ash tree 

Surface of water 

Waters's bridge, spike in northeast corner 

Surface of water 

West side of river, near water, nail in root of ash tree 

Surface of water 

Left bank of river, nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water .• 

Mackey Shoals, opposite foot of, on left bank, nail in root of ash tree. . 

Mackey Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Mackey Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Mackey Second Shoals, opposite foot of, left bank, nail in root oi birch 
tree 

Mackey Second Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Mackey Second Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Newton Factory Shoals, foot of, surface of water : . . . 



Dam at White's mill, on Newton Factory Shoals, opposite, nail in root 
of black gum 



Dam, foot of, surface of water 

Dam, top of, surface of water 

Newton Factory Bridge, on lower end of, on nut, top of bolt 

Surface of water 

Newton Factory Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Left bank of river, nail in root of red-oak tree 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Left bank of river, nail in root of water oak 

Surface of water 

West bank, opposite shoals, nail in root of large beech tree 

Surface of water 

East bank river, nail in sweet-gum tree 

Left bank river, nail in root of water oak 

Surface of water 

Henderson's bridge and mill, right bank of river, near end of bridge, 
nail in root of post oak 

Surface of water 



Kiev;! t ion 
in feet. 


494. 27 


484 


493. 73 


487 


498. 40 


492 


506.55 


493 


505.37 


497 


505. 51 


500 


512. 77 


502 


504 


518. 50 


505 


508 


509 


562. 86 


553 


558 


592. 81 


582 


592 


619. 86 


593 


594 


596 


604. 59 


597 


604. 88 


598 


612. 85 


620. 76 


602 


618. 99 


604 



58 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations' on Alcovy River, from mouth, near Worthville, to Dabney's bridge, near Starrs- 

ville — Con tinued . 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



15 
15 
18.3 

18.3 



Henderson's mill, foot of dam, surface of water 

Henderson's mill, head of dam, surface of water 

Dabney's bridge, west side of river, near end of, nail in root of water 
oak (raised cut with hatchet) 

Surface of water 



607 
613 

627. 22 
615 



TOWALIGA RIVER BELOW HIGHFALLS, GA. 

Towaliga River was surveyed from its mouth, near Berner, Ga., 
to Highfalls, Ga., a distance of 21.7 miles. The levels are based on 
a line carried down South and Ocmulgee rivers from Constitution 
earlier in the season. The plane-table sheets were all plotted on the 
scale of 1 : 22,500. Twelve bench marks were established and 23 
water-surface elevations were determined. 

Towaliga River flows in a southeasterly direction and empties into 
Ocmulgee River. In the distance surveyed there is a fall of 194 leet, 
but with the exception of Highfalls there are few shoals or rapids. 
For 21 miles above its mouth the stream does not average more than 
50 feet in width, and is very shallow. It is swift and has a clean bed. 

At Highfalls there is a drop of 95 feet in a distance of 3,000 feet, 
in the middle of which there is a sudden drop of 42 feet, known as the 
Highfalls. This is an excellent dam site, for, although during the 
normal stage of water the volume is small, there are splendid facilities 
to store the water above, as the bottom is widened out into a natural 
basin. A flour mill has been in operation here for over one hundred 
years, but it uses only a trifling part of the power. It is now proposed 
to erect a 25-foot dam at this point to supply electric power for a 
railway to Indian Springs, Ga., a summer resort 8 miles from High- 
falls, and also for lighting the town of Forsythe, 14 miles to the 
southwest. Property for 6 miles above the falls has been purchased 
for a storage basin. Between Highfalls and the mouth of the river 
there are good bottom lands, but the country is thinly settled and 
most of it is still in timber. The principal crops are cotton and 
corn. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 
tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building 
at Atlanta, marked " 1050 MC," the elevation of which is accepted 
as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level, as determined by the 1903 
adjustment. The initial point of this list is a bench mark of flying 
levels on Ocmulgee River. 



HALL AND - ] 
HOYT. 



TO WALTCI A RIVER. 



59 



The leveling was done in 1003, under the direction of F. A, 
Franck, field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 



Miles 



BO 








c3 


§ 








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* 








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(D 








c3 










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T)(l 



500 § 



250 



10 15 20 

Fig. 9— Profile of Towaliga below Highfalls, Ga. 



Elevations on Towaliga River from mouth, near Berner, to Highfalls. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 

in feet. 


0.0 


Towaliga River, mouth of , on south side between railroad track and 
river, nail in root of water oak 


379. 34 


.0 


Surface of water 


367 


1.7 


Lamars Bridge, near east end of, nail in root of beech tree 


381. 99 


1.7 


Surface of water 


371 


2.2 
2.2 


Small creek on west bank, mouth of, nail in root of ash tree 

Surface of water 


377. 38 
373 
376 
111'. 15 
379 
382 

412. SO 
386 
399. 49 
393 


3.7 


Surface of water 


4 


West bank, 50 feet from river, nail in root of large pine tree 


4 


Surface of water 


4.6 


Surface of water 


6 
6 


Hunting Shoal Bridge, stone pier, on north end of bridge, iron bolt . . 
Surface of water 


7 

7 


North bank, 10 feet from river, twin water oak, nail in root of 

Surface of water 



60 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 116. 

Elevations on Towaliga River from mouth, near Berner, to Highfalls — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



8.8 

8.8 

9.5 

10.5 

10.5 
11.8 
11.8 
12.3 
12.3 
13.3 

13.3 

14 

14.1 

15 

15.1 

15 

15.5 

15.6 

16 

16 

16.1 

17.4 

17.4 

17.5 

17.5 

18 

18 

18.5 

.0 
18.7 

.0 
19.2 
21.2 
21.2 
21.2 
21.3 
21.3 

21.7 
.0 



Jacksons Bridge, west bank of river, large poplar tree, nail in root of. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

West bank of river, creek, 100 yards above mouth of, 10 feet from 
river, nail in root of pine tree 

Surface of water. „ 

Wilsons Bridge, 10 feet below east approach, nail in root of water oak. 

Surface of water 

West bank, on water oak 

Surface of water 

North and South forks of North Fork, 100 yards above junction of, 
nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water , 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Opposite shoals, north bank; nail in root of birch tree 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Morans Bridge, on north bank, 20 feet east of, nail in root of white oak 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Opposite shoals, nail in root of willow 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Tobes Creek, mouth of, nail in root of pine 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Small shoals, surface of water 

Head of small shoals, surface of water 

Branch, south bank, 20 feet above mouth of, nail in root of birch tree . . 

Long shoals, foot of, south bank, nail in white oak tree 

Surface of water 

Highfalls Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Highfalls, head of Highfalls Shoals, surface of water 

Highfalls, wagon bridge over Towiliga River, west side north ap- 
proach to, top of iron bolt 

Old dam, opposite, head of long shoals, surface of water 

Highfalls, high-water mark 



HALL 
HOYT 



; y t ND ] RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 61 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM CHESTATEE TO SAUTEE, GA. 

A survey of the upper Chattahoochee River between Chestatee 
and Sautee, Ga., a distance of 55 miles, was made during July and 
August, 1903. Between these two points a fall of 387 feet was 
found, the greater part of which is above the mouth of Soque River. 
During the survey 25 bench marks were established and 90 water- 
surface elevations determined. The plane-table sheets were plotted 
on a scale of 1 : 22,500. The original elevations for the levels were 
based upon an assumed elevation near Gainesville, Ga., but, as 
published herein, they have been reduced to mean sea level. 

Above the mouth of Chestatee River for 10 miles are a number of 
small shoals aggregating a fall of 28 feet. Ten miles above the mouth 
of the Chestatee, Little River empties from the north, and at this point 
are the first good shoals, where there is a fall of 7 feet in a distance 
of 300 yards. A quarter of a mile above this point the North Georgia 
Electric Company is constructing a dam 36 feet high, which is to 
supply electric power. The backwater from this dam will extend 
8 miles upstream, to just above Clarks Bridge. One half mile above 
this point is a shoal having a 9-foot fall in half a mile. 

Just above this shoal are Reynolds Shoals, with a fall of 6 feet in 
250 yards. There is a good power site at this point, as the banks 
and bottom are hard rock. From here to Mud Creek, 3 miles, there 
is a uniformly distributed fall of 15 feet, while just above the mouth 
of Mud Creek there is a good dam site. A dam here would be about 
300 feet long, but the height could be 40 to 50 feet or more, if desired. 

The next shoal of importance is Mountain Island Shoal. It gives 
a fall of 8 feet in half a mile. Here the river flows around the island 
between banks 100 feet high. A dam at the lower end would be 
300 feet long. Perkins Shoals come next, 2 miles upstream, with 
a fall of 6 feet, and just above them is a shoal with a 7-foot fall. 
These could be used together. 

From here to the mouth of Soque River is a uniform fall of 11 
feet, and just above the mouth of the Soque there is a fall of 8 feet 
in 650 feet. For the next 3 miles there is a continuous succession of 
shoals, with a fall of 74 feet. The river flows in a narrow gorge 
of hard, unseamed rock, and at several points dams could easily be 
constructed. Above this point the river narrows very greatly, and 
is full of small shoals as far as Nacoochee Valley. From the valley 
to the end of the survey there are no falls or shoals. 

Nacoochee Valley is very fertile and grain and grasses are raised. 
A large quantity of timber is still standing along the river, especially 
in the upper half of the valley. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 
tablet at Nacoochee, marked " 1349 Atlanta," in a ledge of rock 200 
irr 115 — 05 5 



62 



KIVER SURVEYS ATO) PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



feet west of ford of Chattahoochee River, the elevation of which is 
now accepted as 1,348.269 feet above mean sea level. 

The adjustment of this line was accomplished in conjunction with 
leveling on Chestatee and Soque rivers, tied at Willow and Clarks- 
ville, respectively, and by an extra check at Pole to primary-level 
circuits, and accords with the 1903 adjustment of the precise-level net. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 
field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 

750 













« 

o 




a 

e3 
P 

ft 


[West Point, Ga. 


r ' 




o. 




<E 

03 
U 

& 

o 
m 




S- 

























500 



250 



fe 



Miles 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 

Fig. 10. — Profile of Chattahoochee River from Nacoochee to junction with Chestatee River, Ga. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Chestatee River, to Nacoochee. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


0.0 


Near Keith's bridge, mouth of Chestatee River, on nail in root of 
walnut tree 


964. 37 


.0 


Surface of water 


950 


*.o 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


950 


.0 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


956 


1.7 


On nail in root of walnut tree, north bank of river 


989. 71 


3.7 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


960 


3.7 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


963 



HALL A 
HOYT 



ro] 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 



63 



Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Chestatee River, to Nacoo- 

chee — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 

in feet. 


5.7 


Small shoals, edge of public road opposite, nail in root of 
nut tree 


large wal- 


985. 61 


5.7 


Small shoals, surface of water 


965 


6.2 


Surface of water . . 


966 


6.8 


Iron bridge, nail in root of large walnut tree 


980.26 


6.8 


Surface of water 


967 


6.8 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


967 


7.3 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


972 


8.3 


Thompson Bridge, nail in root of large walnut tree 


998. 36 


8.3 


Surface of water - - 


977 


9.4 


Little River, mouth of, foot of shoals, surface of water. . 
Head of shoals, surface of water 




978 


9.4 





984 


10 


North Georgia Electric Company's new dam, 100 yards below, north 
side of bluff, nail in root of white oak 


1,004.04 


10 


Surface of water 


985 


11 


Chattahoochee Park, on east side and at sharp bend of river, nail in 
birch tree 


1,004.27 




Foot of shoals, surface of water 


996 




Head of shoals, surface of water 




1,010 


12.2 


New Bridge, near Gainesville, near small store building 
tree, spike in root of 


large oak 


1,028.32 


12.2 


Surface of water 


1,011 


13.2 
13.2 


South bank of river, 6 feet from water, willow tree, nail in 
Surface of water 


root of 


1,014.94 
1,012 


13.9 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 


1,012 




Head of shoals, surface of water 




1,014 


16.2 
16.2 


Clarks Bridge, east side of river, large maple tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 


1,039.81 
1,017 


17.2 


Small bluff, north side of river, poplar tree, nail in root of. 
Surface of water 




1,045.27 


17.2 




1,020 




Head of shoals, surface of water - - 


1,024 


19.2 


Red oak tree, nail in root of 




1,043.29 


19.2 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 




1,025 


19.5 


Foot of shoals, surface of water. . . 




1,028 


21.2 
21.2 


Head of shoals, surface of water 

Savage Ferry, nail in notch of oak post 

Surface of water 




1,332 

1,051.30 

1,034 


22.2 


Left bank of river, nail in root of birch tree 




1 , 050. 46 


22.2 


Surface of water 




1,037 


23.9 
23.9 


North bank of river, nail in root of water-oak tree 

Surface of water 




1,046.76 
1,038 



64 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Chestatee River, to Nacoo- 

chee — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



23.9 
24.9 



25.6 
25.6 
26.5 

26.5 

28.8 

29.8 

29.8 
31.8 
31.8 
31.9 
32.6 
32.6 



33.1 
33.1 
33.2 

34.1 
34.1 

34.2 

34.5 
35.2 
35.2 
35.2 
35.2 

37.3 

37.4 

38.2 

38.2 



Head of shoals, surface of water 

Seven Island shoals, opposite foot of, large poplar tree, nail in root of 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Flat Creek, 1 mile above mouth of, nail in root of poplar tree 

Surface of water 

Lulu bridge, 60 feet below, on north bank of river, red oak tree, nail 
in root of 

Surface of water 

Walnut tree in large open bottom, left bank of river, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Belton bridge. 100 yards below, right bank of river, walnut tree, nail 
in root of 

Surface of water 

Right bank of river, pine tree, nail in root of 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, on side of bluff, large pine, opposite, nail in root of. 

Surface of water . 

Harrisons Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Harrisons Shoals, opposite, nail in root of oak tree 

Harrisons Shoals, surface of water 

Harrisons Shoals, head of, mouth of Mossy Creek, surface of water. 

Mountain Island Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, opposite, nail in root of white oak 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Perkins Shoals, opposite foot of, nail in root of water oak 

Perkins Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Perkins Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, north bank of river, opposite, nail in root of black- 
gum tree 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 



040 
066. 94 
040 
044 
045. 84 
045 

065. 68 
049 
076. 23 
053 

076 

056 

092. 99 

061 

069 

085. 79 

070 

071 

073 

092. 83 

082 

084 

101.70 

087 

087 

088 

096 

109. 78 

101 

106 

113. 68 

107 

113 

115 

123 

127. 76 

127 

130 



HALL AND"! 
HOYT. J 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 



65 



Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Chestatee River, to Nacoo- 

chee — Continued. 



Duncan Bridge, 30 feet below, nail in red-oak tree 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, opposite, nail in root of water oak 

Soque River, south bank, at mouth, nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water 

Soque River, mouth of, in forks of river, nail in root of pine stump . . 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, opposite, on west bank of river, nail in root of red oak. 

Long shoals, head of, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, root of hickory tree 

Irwins Bridge, 10 feet below, left bank of river, nail in root of poplar 
tree 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Surface of water 

Irwins bridge, just above, surface of water. 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Blue Creek, surface of water 



Blue Creek, 100 yards above mouth of, in fork, nail in root of red 
oak tree 



Amos Ford, on west bank, large birch tree, nail in root of. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Aliens Bridge, west end of, red oak tree, nail in root of. 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, opposite, nail in root of birch tree 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Shoals, opposite head of, nail in root of pine tree 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 



148.90 
131 

135 

155. 41 

147. 82 

137 

148. 86 

137 

144 

149 

159 

165. 20 

178 

178 

216 

222. 10 

223. 37 

216 

222 

228 

229 

242 

243 

256. 09 

256.09 

244 

247 

2.50 

266. 49 

256 

259 

260 

263 

264. 18 

271 

274 

280.73 

276 



66 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[no. 115. 



Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Chestatee River, to Nacoo- 

chee — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


49 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


1,280 


49 


Shoals, red oak opposite head of, nail in root of 


1, 285. 53 


49 


Head of shoals, surface of water 


1,288 


49.2 


Sharp bend of river, water oak tree, nail in root of 


1,304.53 


49.2 


Surface of water 


1,292 


50.5 
50.5 


Suspension footbridge, poplar tree at, nail in root of 

Surface of water 


1,305.97 
1,297 


51.8 


Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 


1,299 
1,306 


53 
55 
55 


Sautee Creek, near mouth of, in Nacoochee Valley, surface of water. . 

Sautee Creek, ford near mouth, surface of water 

Nacoochee post-office, 200 feet west of, ford of Chattahoochee River, 
6 feet above surface of road, on ledge of rock, aluminum tablet 
marked ' ' 1349 Atlanta " 


1,309 
1,339 

1,348.269 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM CHATTAHOOCHEE TO 
FRANKLIN, GA. 

A survey of the middle Chattahoochee River was made between 
Chattahoochee and Franklin, Ga., a distance of 65 miles. The eleva- 
tions for thi% survey were based upon the United States Geological 
Survey bench mark at Chattahoochee, Ga., and the plane-table 
sheets were plotted on a scale of 1: 22,500. 

In the lower section of the river for 21 miles the Chattahoochee 
is without shoals or rapids until Redmens Shoals are reached, where 
there is a fall of 2 feet. The next shoals, Maderia Shoals, 11 miles 
farther downstream, have a fall of 6 feet in half a mile. Here, on 
the west side, is a large bluff of hard rock, and on the east side are 
flat bottom lands. The water is very shallow, and the stream has a 
rocky bottom. A dam here would be about 600 feet long, and to 
be made of sufficient height to develop any amount of head would 
flood valuable bottom lands above. 

Below Maderia Shoals the river runs over small riffles of 1 to 2 
feet until the Central of Georgia Railroad bridge is reached, and for 
5 miles below this point there is practically no fall until Mcintosh 
Shoals are reached, where there is a fall of 8 feet in a quarter of a 
mile. The river here runs through broken country, with high banks 
on both sides, showing good exposures of hard rock. A dam here 
would be 600 feet long, but several rocky islands would probably 
reduce the cost of construction. The dam could be 25 feet high or 
more if necessary. 



HALL AND 
HOYT. 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 



67 



Seven miles farther down the river are Fish trap Shoals, with a 6-foot 
fall in a quarter of a mile. A dam here would be 700 feet long, as 
the west bank is low. Two miles downstream is the beginning of 
Bushhead Shoals, the best dam site on this section of the river. Here 
there is a fall of 7 feet, but added to the 5 feet just above and the 6 
feet of Fishtrap Shoal, a total fall of 19 feet could be obtained in a 
distance of 5 miles. A dam built here would be 650 feet long and 
could be of any desired height. Good rock is exposed on each bank. 
Two nourishing towns, Newnan and Carrollton, which are about 15 
miles from here, in opposite directions, would utilize this power. 
One mile below is a small 4-foot shoal, where the banks of the river 
are very flat. 

At the mouth of Centralhatchee Creek, 2 miles below, is the last 
shoal, which has a 2-foot fall. It does not offer a good opportunity 
for development, owing to the low and extensive bottom lands on 

















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Fig. 11.— Profile of Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin, Ga. 

the north side of the river. This section of the river has a width of 
about 300 feet, but in some places widens to over 1,000 feet. 

Valuable and extensive bottom lands are under high cultivation, 
principally cotton and corn being raised, but the transportation 
facilities are very poor. The overflow from the river several times 
a year spreads a slimy sediment over the bottom which seems to act 
as a rich fertilizer. 

For 4 miles below Chattahoochee there are valuable clay beds on 
the south side of the river, which have been excavated to a depth 
of 10 feet for brick manufacture. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an aluminum 
tablet at the Washington street entrance to the State capitol build- 
ing at Atlanta, marked " 1050 M C," the elevation of which is now 
accepted as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level. The line is adjusted 
to accord at each end, Oakdale and Franklin, with corrected primary 
elevations in accord with the 1903 adjustment. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 
field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, level man. 



68 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin. 



[NO. 115. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


0.0 


Oakdale, in front of station, main track, top of south rail 


809. 20 


.0 


Surface of water 


740 


.5 


Left bank of river, on root of willow tree 


741. 82 


.5 


Surface of water 


739 


1.6 


M'ason and Turner Ferry, near east approach to, on root to hickory 
tree 


754. 38 


1.6 


Surface of water , 


738 


3.4 


Old ferry, 10 feet from left bank, on root of sycamore tree 


751.35 


3.4 


Surface of water , 


736 


4.1 


Left bank, 20 feet above bridge, on root of water oak 


752. 94 


4.1 


Surface of water 


735 


5.4 


Left bank, 40 feet from river, on root of walnut tree 


755. 10 


5.4 


Surface of water 


732 


6.4 


Left bank, 30 feet from river, on root of walnut tree 


746. 41 


6.4 




730 


7.4 


Left bank, 40 feet from river, on root of walnut tree 


752. 90 


7.4 


Surface of water 


729 


8.4 


Left bank, 20 feet from river, on root of sweet gum tree 


742. 16 


8.4 


Surface of water 


727 


10.3 


Adaholts Ferry, mouth of Sweetwater Creek, opposite, on root of 
large svcamore tree 


744. 73 


10.3 


Surface of water 


726 


11.3 


Left bank, 30 feet from river, on root of large walnut tree 


747. 58 


11.3 


Surface of water 


725 


12.8 
12.8 


Dupree Ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on root of elm tree. . . . 
Surface of water 


738. 09 
723 


14.8 


Left bank, 70 feet from river, on root of walnut tree 


746. 29 


14.8 


Surface of water 


721 


16.6 


Camp Creek, mouth of, on root of ash tree . 


736. 13 


16.6 


Surface of water 


720 


17 


Left bank, 20 feet from river, on root of walnut tree 


741.78 


17 


Surface of water . . 


719 


17.9 


Campbellton Ferry, 10 feet from river, left bank, on root of syca- 
more tree. 


728. 69 


17.9 


Surface of water 


719 


20.6 


Brock's ferry, 10 feet from river, left bank, on root of white oak 
tree 


730. 49 


20.6 


Surface of water 


716 


21.2 
21.2 


Redmens Shoals, left bank, 10 feet from river on root of sycamore tree . 
Surface of water . 


728. 58 
716 


21.3 


Redmens Shoals, foot of, surface of water 


714 


21.7 


Pea Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


714 



HALL AN 
HOYT. 



D ] CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 69 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin — Continued. 



Distance ' 
in miles. 


Elevation 
in feet. 


22 


Rivertown Ferry, left bank, 10 feet from river, on root of syca- 
more tree 


720. 64 


22 


Surface of water 


714 


23.4 


Pumpkintown Ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on large birch 
tree . 


727.94 


23.4 


Surface of water . . 


712 


24.5 


Bear Creek, mouth of, on root of poplar tree 


730. 35 


24.5 


Surface of water 


712 


25.6 


Left bank, 40 feet from river, on root of walnut tree 


725.50 


25.6 


Surface of water 


710 


28.1 
28.1 


Defer's ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on large birch tree 

Surface of water 


722.92 
709 


29.6 
29.6 


Jones Ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on root of pine tree 

Surface of water '. 


718. 60 
706 


30 
30.9 


Ballard Shoals, 10 feet from river, left bank, on root of willow tree. . 
Ballard Shoals, head of, surface of water 


711.13 
705 


31.1 


Ballard Shoals, foot of, surface of water 


704 


31.4 


Madeira Shoals, head of, surface of water 


704 


31.8 


Madeira Shoals, opposite, on right bank, on root of white oak, side 
of rock bluff. 


716. 81 


31.8 


Madeira Shoals, surface of water 


702 


32.1 
33.4 


Wolf Creek, mouth of, foot of Madeira Shoals, surface of water 

Hutchinson's ferry, right bank, 20 feet from river, on root of maple 
tree 


698 
709.12 


33.4 


Surface of water 


694 


35.1 
35.1 


Long Island, upper end of, head of shoals, surface of water 

Right bank, head of shoals, in root of pine tree. . 


692 
709. 11 


36 


Long Island, opposite lower end of, foot of shoals, nail in root of 
water oak tree 


703. 37 


36 


Surface of water 


689 


37.5 


Snake Creek, right bank, 10 feet from river, 100 yards above mouth, 
on root of willow tree 


696. 72 


37.5 


Surface of water 


688 


38.6 
38.6 


Moores Ferry, right bank, on root of large birch tree 

Surface of water 


702. 85 
686 


39.2 


Shoals, head of, surface of water 


685 


39.3 
40.1 


Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Central, of Georgia, Railroad bridge over river, right bank, 40 feet 
above bridge, on root of willow tree 


684 
692. 12 


40.1 


Surface of water 


684 


40.1 


Shoals, foot of, surface of water 


683 


40.7 


Opposite right bank, nail on root of poplar tree. . 


699.76 


40.7 


Surface of water 


682 



70 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



41.4 

41.4 

41.7 

41.8 

42.6 

42.7 

43 

43.6 

43.9 

43.9 

44.9 

45.4 

45.4 

46.1 

46.1 

49 

49 

50 

50 

50.7 

50.7 

50.9 

53.1 

53.1 

55 

55.3 

55.3 

56.3 

56.9 

56.9 

57.5 

58.5 

58.5 

59 

59 

60 

60.2 

60.8 

61 

62 



Reese's ferry, right bank, on root of ash tree 

Surface of water _• . 

Head of Shoals, surface of water 

Foot of Shoals, surface of water 

Fridell Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Fridell Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Foot of bluff, right bank of river, nail in root of sweet gum tree. . . 

Hanson Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Houston Ferry, nail in root of catalpa tree 

Surface of water 

Mcintosh Reserve Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Mcintosh Reserve Shoals, foot of, right side of bank, nail in root of 
sweet gum tree 

Mcintosh Reserve Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Culpepper, mouth of, on root of red oak tree 

Surface of water . 

Whooping Creek, mouth of, nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water 

Brown's ferry, right bank, nail in root of walnut tree 

Surface of water. , 

Yellow Dirt Creek, right bank, nail in root of sweet gum tree 

Surface of water 

Yellow Dirt Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Hollingsworth Ferry, right bank, nail in root of water oak tree. .. 

Surface of water 

Pink Creek, mouth of, surface of water. 

Right bank, on nail in root of sweet gum tree 

Surface of water 

Fishtrap Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Fishtrap Shoals, right bank, opposite center of shoals, elm tree, nail 
in root of 

Fishtrap Shoals, surface of water 

Fishtrap Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Bushhead Shoals, opposite upper island, nail in root of birch 

Bushhead Shoals, head of, surface of water 

Bushhead Shoals, foot of, on side of bluff, nail in root of white oak. 

Bushhead Shoals, foot of, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ; 



HALL ANDl 
HOYT. J 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 7l 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles 


62.2 


63.8 


63.8 


64 


64.5 


64.7 


65 



Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Centralhatchee Creek, opposite mouth of, nail in root of birch .... 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Franklin, wagon bridge, surface of water 

Franklin, on rivet on top left iron pier of east approach of wagon 
bridge 

Franklin, in south side of court-house, bronze tablet marked 
" 695 A" 



Elevation 
in feet. 



628 

633. 49 
628 
627 
626 

655. 17 

694. 742 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM WEST POINT TO COLUMBUS, GA. 

Chattahoochee River was surveyed from West Point to Columbus, 
Ga., a distance of 37 miles, in which there is a fall of 361 feet. Dur- 
ing the work 5 bench marks were established and 35 water-surface 
elevations obtained. The survey was plotted on the scale of 1 : 22,500, 
and was accompanied by a flying-level line based on a United States 
Geological Survey tablet at West Point, Ga. 

For 4 miles below West Point the river is sluggish. At Langdale, 
Ala., there is a wing dam with 9 feet head, operating a knitting mill. 
The dam is loosely built of light lumber, connecting a number of 
small islands, and a large amount of water goes to waste. 

Probably the best site for a permanent structure at Langdale is 
about one-half mile below the present mill, where a head of 18 feet 
would back water to just below West Point. A dam as proposed 
above would not, except in time of flood, spread the backwater 
beyond the present banks of the river. 

Between Langdale and Riverview, where there is another knitting 
mill, there is a continuous network of small islands. At Riverview 
there is a 9-foot wing dam similar to that at Langdale, but it fur- 
nishes even less water, as the eastern channel is broader. 

From Riverview to Columbus the river is one continuous shoal, 
and the choice of sites for dam construction rests on minor details 
rather than amount of power. 

Some of the best sites are just below Houstons Ferry, 3£ miles 
from Riverview, where a 24-foot dam would have good ledge-rock 
foundations for the 480 feet of river bed, while the ordinary red clay of 
the region appears on the banks. 

Three miles farther downstream, about 1 mile below Blantons 
Ferry, is another site, but a dam here would flood a good deal of 



72 KIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

bottom land. For 4 miles below here is one of the swiftest and 
roughest parts of the river. There is a good site at the end of the 
stretch, just below the Big Bull Slough, and another one-third of a 
mile above Bartlett's old ferry. The former could probably be 
developed into a valuable plant, supplying power to West Point, 
Lanett, Hamilton, Opelika, and a score of smaller towns, all less 
than 25 miles from this point. A dam probably could be built here 
with a head of 70 feet. The river bottom is ledge rock, with some 
bowlders, and the shores are of the same rock covered with more 
or less soil. A dam 70 feet high would back the water nearly to 
Mountain Oak Creek. Many of the islands in the river would be 
flooded. Some of them are large and cultivated to some extent. 
There would also be some flooding of bottom lands on both sides of 
the river, but no lands of pronounced value would be destroyed. 

About 5f miles farther downstream, at what is known locally as 
Goats Rock, a dam very similar to the above could be constructed. 
The shore lines are very precipitous and ledge rock outcrops on both 
banks. A head of 70 feet would utilize all the available power 
between this point and the proposed dam 5f miles above. 

Seven and one-half miles below is the beginning of what is known 
as the old Clapp factory falls. This is one of the best rapids on 
the river. Unfortunately, the river is exceptionally wide and the 
construction of a dam would be expensive. The old mill derived 
its power by means of a wing dam which has not been used upward 
of fifteen years. A dam here, backing the water up to Goat Rock, 
and a canal carrying it to the foot of the falls, will give a total head 
of about 77 feet. The river bottom is ledge rock, and the shores are 
the same covered with several feet of soil. 

One and one-fourth miles below the old Clapp factory is the dam 
of the Columbus Power Company. This dam has a head of 32 feet, 
developed by a stone concrete dam, below which the tailrace has 
been deepened and separated from the river by a stone wall. Part 
of the power is utilized by the large cotton mill of the company, 
situated on the east bank of the river. The balance is distributed 
about the city of Columbus. 

One and one-fourth miles farther down the stream is what is called 
the city mill dam, with 9| feet head. It is a wooden structure and 
needs constant attention, furnishing power to the city of Columbus 
and to a gristmill. Three-fourths of a mile below is a stone dam 
kept in good repair and owned by the Eagle and Phoenix Company, 
one of the largest cotton manufacturing companies in the South. 
Just below this dam is the head of navigation for steamboats. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet 
in west abutment of Altanta and West Point Railroad bridge over 
Chattahoochee River at West Point. The elevation of this, as 



HALL AND 
HOYT. 



CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 



73 



determined by a net of primary levels, extended from Rome, Ga., a 
point on the precise-level net, is 573.193 feet above mean sea level, 
in accord with the 1903 corrected elevation of that place. 

The leveling was done under the direction of I. T. Fitch, field 
assistant, by W. H. Sallee, levelman. 

1,500 



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Miles 5 ^ i" on "* in 35 40 45 50 

Fig. 12.— Profile of Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga. 
Elevations on Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga. (single spur line] 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.0 

.0 
.0 



3.1 
6 

6 

6 

8.6 

8.6 

8.6 



West Point, in west abutment of Atlanta and West Point Railroad 
bridge over Chattahoochee River, bronze tablet marked "573 A" . . 

Highway bridge, surface of water 

Tidewater elevation corresponding to zero of local hydrographic sta- 
tion 

West Point, opposite, in Alabama, United States engineers' bench 
mark, 1,000 feet north of highway bridge, 100 feet east of road inter- 
section, west bank of river, 75 feet from water, iron monument sunk 
in ground 

Long Cane Creek, surface of water 

Langdale, Ala., 90 feet south of Moores Creek, in factory lawn between 
factory and track, top of hydrant 



Elevation 
in feet. 



573. 193 
551 

549 



564.28 
549 

548.54 



Langdale, 



pond at, surface of water 542. 1 



Langdale, below dam, surface of water 533 

Riverview, mill pond, surface of water 532 

Riverview, below mill pond, surface of water 522 

Riverview, opposite, in Alabama, northwest corner of cotton mill, 35 

feet southwest of, 50 feet south of dam, top of double-orifice hydrant . 534. 94 



74 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga. {single spur 

line) — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



12 
14.4 

16.6 
20.3 

23.7 
34.7 
34.7 
35.9 

36.1 
36.1 
37 
37 



Houstons Ferry, surface of water 

Blantons Ferry, west side of river, 200 feet from edge of water, 25 feet 
east of poplar tree, wagon road, top of knob, south side of blazed 
tree 

Dixons Ferry, surface of water 

Bartletts old ferry, 50 feet northwest of west bank of river, top of 
ledge, rock 18 feet from water 

Mulberry Creek, Georgia, surface of water 

Columbus Power Company, mill pond, surface of water 

Columbus Power Company, below pond, surface of water 

Columbus, mill pond of city milldam, surface of water 

Columbus, below mill pond of city milldam, surface of water ....... 

Columbus, above Eagle and Phoenix Company dam, surface of water . . 

Columbus, below Eagle and Phoenix Company dam, surface of water . . 

Columbus, beneath highway covered bridge, surface of water 

Girard, Ala., Broad and Sixth streets, southeast corner of intersection, 
bucket and windlass well, 45 feet east of, top of stone guard post at 
Wm. C. Bill's saloon 



Elevation 
in feet. 



497 

508. 74 
483 

404. 78 

363 

260 

240 

226 

216 

216 

200 

190 

255. 14 



SOQUE RIVER BELOW CLARKSVILLE, GA. 

Soque River was surveyed from its mouth, near View, Ga., to 
Clarksville, Ga., a distance of 8 miles. The levels were based on 
a line carried up Chattahoochee River from Gainesville, Ga., and the 
field sheets were platted on the scale of 1 : 22,500. 

The first power is 5 J miles above its mouth and 1 mile below from 
Bert. Here there is an undeveloped fall of 6 feet in about 50 yards. 
The south bank is hard rock; the north bank is not very high, but 
seems to be solid rock. The best site for a dam is probably at the 
lower end of the falls. A dam here would be about 380 feet long 
and not over 7 feet high, or the water would back up over the lower 
end of more valuable shoals above. 

At Bert, Ga., are the Porter Shoals, which have a drop of 48 feet — 
far the best waterfall on the river. A small wing dam develops 
power to operate Porter's woolen and cotton factory, 4 miles from 
Demorest, Ga., the nearest railroad point. 

About 500 feet upstream is Porter's upper shoal, at which there 
is a 15-foot fall partly developed by a small dam, and which sup- 
plies power for factory No. 2 of the same company. A much greater 
head would be obtained here by increasing the size of the dam. 

One and one-half miles above Bert is a splendid water-power site, 
known as the Old Factory Shoals, where there is a fall of 23 feet in 
a distance of 600 feet. There was a dam here at one time, but all 



HALL AND 
HOYT 



ND~| 
• J 



SOQUE RIVER. 



75 



signs of it have vanished. The river is about 350 feet wide and 
flows in several channels between small islands. Good sandstone 
outcrops on both banks. 

Just above this point the river bottoms widen and the farming 
lands are better between here and Clarksville, the end of the survey, 
than any point on the river. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 
tablet at the north side of east entrance to the court-house at Clarks- 
ville, marked " 1372 Atlanta/' the elevation of which is accepted as 
1,371.991 feet above mean sea level, in accord with the 1903 adjust- 
ment of the precise-level net. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 
field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 







W3 
















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1,500 



1,250 © 

a 



1,000 
Miles 5 10 

Fig. 13.— Profile of Soque River below Clarksville, Ga 
Elevations on Soque River from near View to Clarksville, Ga. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


0.0 
.0 


Soque River, south bank of mouth of, at junction of Soque and Chat- 
tahoochee rivers, birch tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 


1,147.82 
1,137 


1.6 


McAllisters Bridge, near north end of, nail in root of white oak 


1,156.30 



76 RIVER SURVEYS AND PEOFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Soque River from near View to Clarkesville, Ga. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



1.6 



4.1 

4.7 

5.6 
5.7 
6.1 
6.1 
5.9 

6.1 
6.2 

6.3 
7.3 
7.3 
7.3 

8.8 

8.8 



Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Newbridge, hickory tree on north bank, nail in root 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Porter's mills, foot of Porter Shoals, surface of water 

Bert, head of Porter Shoals, surface of water , 

Bert, Porter Shoals, opposite head of shoals, water oak, nail in root 
of 

Bert, near north end of wagon bridge, red oak tree, nail in root of 

Bert, foot of upper shoals, surface ol water 

Head of upper shoals, surface of water 

Bert, Ga., 200 yards above factory, near river, on root of water oak 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Left bank of river, nail on root of sycamore tree 

Surface of water, head of shoals 

Clarksville, Habersham County court-house, on north side of east 
entrance, aluminum tablet marked ' ' 1372 Atlanta " 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



142 

142 

149 

171. 71 

152 

153 

156 

156 

162 

166 

181 

189 

237 

189. 07 
246. 13 
238 
253 

262. 75 
261 

287. 37 
284 

371.991 

289 



CHESTATEE RIVER BELOW WILLOW, GA. 

Chestatee River was surveyed from Willow, Ga., to its mouth, near 
Chestatee, a distance of 47.7 miles. 

A line of secondary levels was run, based on a primary bench 
mark of the United States Geological Survey, 2 miles north of Willow. 
The field sheets were platted on the scale of 1 : 22,500. During the 
course of the survey 40 bench marks were established and 98 water- 
surface elevations obtained. 

For the first 8 miles the river traverses a very wild and broken 
country, and is only about 50 feet wide. There is not enough water 
to produce any considerable amount of power, although there is a fall 
of 124 feet. 

At Gannett Bridge there is an old 3-foot dam which was used to 
furnish power for a gold-stamping mill, the machinery of which is now 





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Feet above mean sea level 



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HA 

HOY 



Ji Y T ND ] CHESTATEE RIVER. 77 



ruined from disuse. This is about the north boundary of the Dah- 
lonega gold field now under vigorous development. 

One mile downstream is an unnamed shoal, with a fall of 30 feet in 
0.6 of a mile. The river runs between very steep banks of hard, 
unseamed rocks, and a 200-foot dam could be constructed here, abun- 
dant material being easily accessible. 

Just below Grinnells Ford is a splendid site, where the river sud- 
denly drops 47 feet in about 150 yards and passes through a narrow 
gorge. The river bed is of broken rock, and a dam at this point 
would be about 200 feet long. 

About 2 miles farther down is a drop of 11 feet in 100 yards. The 
river runs through a narrow gorge, but just above the valley widens 
enough to make a good storage basin. A dam would be about 225 feet 
long and could be built to almost any desired height. A pyrites 
mine here employs 50 men. Four miles below the Crown Gold 
Mining Company is erecting a 40-foot dam, known as the Gorge dam, 
to run hydraulic pumps for two placer mines.. This dam will back 
up the water for 2 J miles and will cover a number of small shoals. 

The river below here runs swiftly, but without important shoals for 
about 3| miles. It then enters the back water from Chestatee dam, 
which is 4 feet high, and supplies power for a gristmill, cotton gin, and 
hydraulic pump. 

Three miles farther down is a gold-stamping mill, the power for 
which is supplied by an 11-foot dam, which backs the water up as far 
as Iron Bridge just below the Chestatee dam. Six miles farther down 
is a 26-foot dam, built by the North Georgia Electric Company, at New- 
bridge, Ga., which supplies power for the traction system and lighting 
of the city of Gainesville, Ga., 15 miles away. A smaller dam, 4 feet 
high, just below the main structure, furnishes power for a gristmill and 
cotton gin. 

Below Newbridge, Ga., the river enters a more level country and 
runs with little fall to Bolden's bridge, 9 miles below, passing a 3-foot 
dam, which. is used to operate a small flouring mill, and a 6-foot dam, 
wnich supplies power for a large gristmill. 

In the remaining 8 miles there are no shoals or opportunities for 
power development. The sand in the bed of the river contains a 
large amount of gold, and placer mining on a considerable scale is one 
of the occupations of the people throughout this whole region. 

Nearly all of the important shoals which are undeveloped are con- 
trolled by the mining interests in the neighborhood. The upper part 
of the survey was through fairly heavy timber, but the lower end of 
the work was through land all under high cultivation. The river 
passes 3 miles from Dahlonega, the county seat of Lumpkin County. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet 
2.5 miles north of Willow, in rock on west side of river at fork of 



78 



EIVEE STJEVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



road, marked " 1529 Atlanta/' the elevation of which is accepted as 
1,528.649 feet above mean sea level, in accord with the 1903 adjust- 
ment of the precise-level net. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 
field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 

Elevations on Chestatee River below Willow, Ga. 



Distance 
in miles. 



2.5 

.0 
.0 
.25 

1 
1 

1.6 

2.5 

2.7 

3 

3 

3.7 

3.8 

4 

4 

4.2 

4.7 

4.7 

4.9 

5.2 

5.2 

5.4 

5.4 

6 

6.4 

6.4 

6.9 

7.3 

8 

8.2 



Willow, 2.5 miles north of, on west side of river, at fork of road, in 
rock, bronze tablet marked " 1529 Atlanta " 

Willow, near west end of bridge, walnut tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, opposite, west side of river, nail in root of maple tree. . 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Right bank and 10 feet from river, nail in root of red oak tree 

Surface of water - 

Head of large shoals, surface of water 

Foot of large shoals, surface of water 

Shoals, opposite, right bank of river, nail in root of red oak 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Sharp bend of river, right bank, nail in root of red oak 

Surface of water 

Crooked Shoal, head of, surface of water 

Crooked Shoal, foot of, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Left bank of river, opposite shoals, large white oak, nail in foot of 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, left bank, 60 feet below, nail in root of hickory 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Small creek, mouth of, opposite center of shoals, spruce pine, nail 
in root of 

Old dam, top of, surface of water 

Old dam, bottom of, surface of water 

Gannett Bridge, 10 feet below, on left bank river, nail in red oak. . . 



Elevation 
in feet. 


1 


528. 649 


1 


461. 37 


1 


454 


1 


449 


1 


447. 54 


1 


446 


1 


444 


1 


443 


1 


438 


1 


428 


1 


422 


1 


437. 94 


1 


416 


1 


415.5 


1 


406 


1 


425. 41 


1 


405 


1 


399 


1 


404. 53 


1 


394 


1 


390 


1 


386 


1, 


384 


1, 


378 


1, 


388. 79 


1, 


377 


1, 


353 


1, 


364. 25 


1, 


346 


1, 


328 


1, 


335. 59 


1, 


321 


1, 


317 


1, 


318. 35 



HALL AN 
HOYT 



ND ] CHESTATEE RIVER. 

Elevations on Chestatee River below Willow, Ga. — Continued. 



79 



Surface of water 

Old gold-stamping mill, foot of bridge at, surface of water. 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 



Foot of shoals, opposite, left bank river, nail in root of sweet gum 
tree 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Grinnells Ford, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Grinnells Ford, in root of large birch tree, near ford, nail in root of . . 

Head ot shoals, surface of water 

Tesnatee River, mouth of, foot of shoals, surface of water 



Tesnatee River, mouth of, in fork between rivers, on side of rock 
bluff, in white oak tree, nail 



GrinnelPs lower ford, surface of water 

Grinnell's lower ford, on right bank 100 yards below ford, point of 
large rock, chisel mark 

Grinnell's lower ford, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Right bank of river, nail in root of hickory tree 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Right bank river, pine tree, nail in root of 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

White oak tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water. 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Gorge dam, above, head of shoals, surface of water 

Gorge dam, 40 feet below, right bank of river, nail in hickory tree. . 

Gorge dam, below dam, foot of shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Bearden's bridge, top of stone pier on west approach, iron bolt. .. 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Chestatee dam, top of, surface of water 

Chestatee dam, foot of, surface of water 

Iron Bridge, 60 feet below, beech t pee, nail in root of 



Elevation 
in feet. 


1 


309 


1 


305 


1 


304 


1 


296 


1 


303. 10 


1 


293 


1 


263 


1 


265. 45 


1 


262 


1 


215 


1 


231.37 


1 


209 


1 


218. 11 


1 


207 


1 


206 


1 


201 


1 


214. 34 


1 


200 


1 


189 


1 


187 


1 


174 


1 


183.54 


1 


169 


1 


163 


1 


166. 95 


1 


160 


1 


155 


1 


150 


1 


149 


1 


159. 21 


1 


L38 


1 


133 


1 


150. 10 


1 


130 


1 


125 


1 


122 


1 


119 


1 


,115 


1 


, 121. 86 



80 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Chestatee River below Willow, Ga.— Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



20.6 

22.8 



23.9 
23.9 

24.2 
25.1 
25.1 
26.1 
26.2 
26.8 
27.9 
30 

30.2 

30.2 
31.3 
31.3 
32.5 

32.5 
33.4 
33.4 
33.5 



34.7 

35.7 
35.7 
35.8 
36.7 

36.9 
38.5 

38.8 
39.6 



Iron Bridge, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. 

Surface of water 

Gold-stamping mill, top of dam, surface of water 

Foot of dam, surface of water 

Gold-stamping mill, persimmon tree near, nail in root of 

Branch, near mouth of, nail in root of red oak 

Surface of water 

Foot of small shoals, surface of water 

Brierpatch Bridge, south side of east approach, iron bolt 

Surface of water 

Head of shoal, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Left bank of river, pine tree, nail in root of 

Georgia Electric Company's dam, top of, surface of water 

Foot of dam, surface of water 

Newbridge (post-office), west side, top of central bridge pier, bolt. 

Newbridge, head of small dam, surface of water 

Small dam, foot of, surface of water 

East bank, 50 feet from river, nail in root of large pine 

Surface of water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Pine tree opposite shoals, nail in root of 

Yellow Creek, 50 yards below mouth of, nail in root of red oak 

Surface of water 

Surface of water. 

Head of small shoals, surface of water. 

Foot of small shoals, surface of water 

Robinson's ford, 10 feet from river, nail in root of red oak tree 

Robinson's ford, surface of water. 

Rock Bluff, left bank of river, nail in root of oak tree 

Surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Flour mill, top of dam, surface of water. 

Dam, foot of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Small creek, mouth of, surface of water 

East bank of river, 40 feet from, nail in root of red oak 



Bolden's bridge, 40 feet from east bank, stump near bridge, nail in 
root of 



HAI 

HOYT 



o Y t ND ] CHESTATEE RIVER. 

Elevations on Chestatee River below Willow, Ga. — Continued. 



81 



Distance 
in miles. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



39.8 
39.8 
39.9 

40.8 
40.8 
40.9 
42.6 
42.6 
43.4 
44.6 
44.6 
45.6 

47.7 



Bolden's bridge, west side of east approach, top of, iron bolt 

Surface of water 

Mill, top of dam, surface of water 

Mill, foot of dam, surface of water 

Langleys Creek, east side, 40 feet below mouth, nail in root of red oak 

Langleys Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

East bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

River, 200 feet from, in open field, nail in walnut tree 

Surface of water 

Mouth of branch, near, 40 feet from east bank of river, nail in red 
oak tree 

Chestatee, Ga., near, at mouth of Chestatee River, near Keith's 
bridge, nail in root of walnut tree 



1,001.28 
984 
983 
977 

989. 34 
972 
970 

974. 48 
964 
963 

975. 87 
960 

981.76 

964. 37 



HIWASSEE RIVER FROM HIWASSEE, GA., TO APALACHIA, N. C. 

Hiwassee River was surveyed from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apala- 
chia, N. C, a distance of 63 miles. In that distance there is a fall 
of 707 feet. A line of secondary levels based on the United States 
Geological Survey bench mark at Hiwassee, Ga., was run. The 
field sheets were plotted on the scale of 1 :22,500. During the course 
of the survey 39 bench marks were established and 119 water-surface 
elevations obtained. 

There are no shoals of any consequence until just below Bell Creek, 
where there is one of 10 feet with good rock bottom and rock bluffs 
on the northeast side of the river. A dam could be constructed 
here with a length of about 200 feet. 

One mile below Hay esville Bridge is a shoal with a fall of 18 feet 
in 1^ miles, but no suitable place for a dam was noted. 

One and one-half miles below, at Passmore Ford, is a shoal with a 
21 -foot fall in 1\ miles and with a fairly good site for the construction 
of a dam. The bottom is rocky and there are rock bluffs on the 
south side of the river. The dam would be about 300 feet long. 

Four and one-half miles below is the 12-foot dam of the Cherokee 
Lumber Company. This is a splendid site. A 40-foot structure 
would not back the water over 1 i miles and would not do any dam- 
age to cultivated lands. 

Three miles below, at Island Ford, is a shoal with a 17-foot fall in 



82 



EIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



1 mile. This is an excellent dam site, as the bottom is rocky and 
there are hard-rock bluffs on either side. The dam would be 300 
feet long. Building material can be easily obtained. Five miles 
below, and about 1 mile above Murphy, is a shoal with a 25-foot 
fall in If miles. A dam about 600 feet long could be built here. 

One-third mile below Murphy, at the mouth of Valley River, 
is the head of a shoal If miles long with a fall of 25 feet. This is an 
excellent power site. The bottom is rocky; both sides are of hard 
rock. The dam would be about 500 feet long. 

Seven and one-half miles below Murphy, at Shallow Ford, is a 
shoal with 14-foot fall in 1| miles. This offers an excellent site for 
a dam, as bottom and banks are rocky. The dam would be about 



















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2 
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\ State line 
VBell Creek 
Bridge\ 






3 




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09 


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ffl 

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1,500 <5 



1,250 



Miles 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 

Fig. 14.— Profile of Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. C. 

550 feet long. Three miles below Shallow Ford is a shoal with a 
20-foot fall in lj miles. The dam here would be only about 400 
feet long. 

Two miles below is a 23-foot shoal If miles long, where the river 
runs between steep hills. The dam here would be 600 feet long. 
Excellent building material is at hand. 

From Chambers Creek to lower Shallow Ford, 6^ miles, the river 
has a fall of 15 feet per mile, and is almost a continuous shoal. There 
are several excellent dam sites. From Shoal Creek to Cane Creek, 
2 miles, there is a shoal with a fall of 38 feet. This is a fine power 
site, with hard, rocky bottom and sides. A dam at this point would 
be about 700 feet long. 



HALL AN 
HOYT. 



"1 



HIWASSEE RIVER. 



83 



From Cane Creek down to the Tennessee State line (5 miles), the 
end of the survey, the river has a fall of 30 feet, with only a 7-foot 
shoal three-fourths of a mile between Kilpatrick Ferry and Taylor 
Ferry. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 
tablet marked "1984 Atlanta" at the northeast corner of front 
vestibule of Towns County court-house, Hiwassee, Ga., the eleva- 
tion of which is accepted as 1,983.634 feet above mean sea level. 
The leveling is adjusted with flying levels on Nottely River to 
accord with the 1903 adjusted elevation of primary bench mark 
at Blairsville and Hiwassee, Ga. From the mouth of Nottely River 
to Apalachia the leveling is a single spur line. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of Carroll Cald- 
well, field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. C. 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.0 

.3 

.3 
.3 
.3 
.8 
1.6 



1.7 
1.9 
2.2 

2.2 
2.3 
2.3 

2.8 
3.4 
3.6 
3.7 

3.8 

4.8 
4.8 
4.8 



Hiwassee, Towns County, court-house, at northeast corner of front 
vestibule, aluminum tablet marked "Atlanta, 1,984" 

Hiddon Bridge, 300 feet north of, edge of county road, white-oak 
tree, nail in west side of 

Hiddon Bridge, surface of water 

High water 

Bridge floor 

Town Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

25 feet north of bridge, 20 feet west of river, point on bluff rock. . . 

Bridge, surface of water 

B. F 

High water 

Hog Creek, mouth of, surface of water. 

Small rapids, surface of water 

Bell Creek, 900 feet north of, on east edge of river, triple maple tree, 
nail in side of 

Bell Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Small falls, head of, surface of water 

Small falls, foot of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Sally Ford, mouth of, surface of water 

Hog Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Gibson Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Long Bullet Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Pendelton Ford, 25 feet northwest of, nail in side of dead stump. . . 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



1,983.634 

1,882.30 

1,865 

1,882 

1,881 

1,862 

1,871.36 

1,857 

1, 874. 8 

1,876 

1,855 

1,854 

1,854.14 

1,853 

1,851 

1,847 

1,838 

1,836 

1,833 

1,830 

1,829 

1,825 

1,838.20 

1,823 



84 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. C. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



4.8 
5.2 
5.5 
5.6 

6.1 
6.2 
6.4 
6.4 
6.9 
7.2 
7.9 



8.3 
8.3 

8.8 
9 

9.2 
9.4 



10 
10 

10.8 
11.5 



11.8 
12.2 
12.6 

12.6 
12.8 
13.3 
13.6 
14 



High water 

Sneaking Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Ford, 75 feet northwest of, 10 feet west of road, nail in red- 
oak tree 

15 feet north of river, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water 

Rough Ford, 15 feet north of river, rock bluff, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Shooting Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Barnard Bridge, northeast abutment, point on top of 

Surface of water 

Bridge floor 

High water 

Ford, surface of water 

Ford, 50 feet south of ford, 15 feet north of river, nail in side 

of dogwood tree 

Surface of water 

Head of island 

Hyatts Mill Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Herbert Ford, on south edge of river at, nail in side of birch tree . 

High water 

Surface of water 

Blair Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

12 feet west of river, point on rock '. 

Surface of water 

Town Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Tusquite Bridge, 250 feet west of, on edge of river, nail in root of 
birch tree 

Bridge, surface of water 

High water 

Martin or Quail Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Tusquitee Creek, mouth of, 1L0 feet northwest of, 10 feet west of 
river, nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water 

Rapids, surface of water 

Below rapids, surface of water 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water. 

Martin Ford, 125 feet south of, on west edge of river, a fish trap, 
nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water -. 



HA H'iYT XD ] HIWASSEE RIVER. 85 

Elevations on Hiivassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. C. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



14.8 
14.9 

16 

16.4 

17 

17.3 

17.5 

17.5 

17.7 

18.3 

18.8 

19.1 

19.4 

19.6 

20 

20 

20.5 

20.9 

21 

21.4 

21.5 

21.8 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22.2 

24 

24 

24.1 

24.7 

25.2 

26.2 

27.6 

28 

28 

29.5 

29.9 

30.4 



Surface of water 

Leatherwood Ford, 25 feet northwest of, nail in walnut tree 

Surface of water 

Allbon Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Fires Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Mountain stream, mouth of, surface of water 

Passmore Ford, east side of river, in center of ford road, nail in root 
of gum tree 

Surface of water 

Cloud Fire Creek, mouth of, surface of water . .• 

Surface of water 

Betty Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Head of island, surface of water 

Sweetwater Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water 

Shallow Ford, 15 feet east of river, nail in side of birch tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

End of island, surface of water 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Backwater of Cherokee dam, 1,500 feet from, at small rapids, sur- 
face of water 



Top of Cherokee dam, surface of water 

Foot of dam, surface of water 

Cherokee dam, 25 feet southwest of, point of rock 

Surface of water 

Canewater Ford, surface of water 

Rocky Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

North edge of river, nail in side of birch tree 

Small rapids, foot of, surface of water 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water 

Brasstown Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Island Ford, 700 feet east of, south side of river, point on rock 

Peachtree Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Horseshoe Ford, surface of water 

South side of ford, nail in side of beech tree . 

20 feet north of river, north side of road, point on rock 

Scott Branch, mouth of, surface of water 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water 



742 

749. 19 

741 

741 

722 

712 

708 

709. 84 

707 

700 

690 

685 

679 

673 

668 

667. 14 

663 

659 

649 

642 

632 

629 

624 

625 

614 

616. 59 

609 

606 

591.4 

594. 79 

590 

586 

576 

.566.56 

5.50 

549 

553.06 

548. 70 

539 

529 



86 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hiwasee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. C. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



31.3 
31.6 
31.8 
32.1 
32.1 
32.1 
32.1 
32.5 

32.5 

33.6 

34 

34.9 

35.3 

35.3 

35.3 

35.9 

36.5 

37 

37 

37 

38 

39 

40.5 

40.5 

41.2 

42 

42.5 

42.5 

42.9 

44.1 

44.8 

44.8 

45 

46.2 

46.9 

48 

48.8 

48.8 

49.9 

50.4 



Martin Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Twin beech tree, nail in root of 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water 

Murphy, N. C, iron bridge, south abutment, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Bridge floor 

High water 

Valley River, mouth of, west shore, 20 feet north of, in water, point 
on rock 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Laurel Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Johnson Ford, 8 feet south of river, nail in root of birch tree 

Surface of water 

High water 

Hanging Dog Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Nottely River, mouth of, surface of water 

On land projecting between the two rivers, birch tree, nail in root of 

Nottely River, mouth of, south side of, willow tree, nail in root of 

Small rapids, surface of water 

Beach Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Shallow Ford, 40 feet southwest of ford, honey-bee tree, nail in 
root of 

Surface of water 

Grape Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Small shoals, head of, surface of water 

Small shoals, surface of water, foot of 

Surface of water 

Persimmon Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Foot of large shoals, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Head of small shoals, surface of water 

Dennest Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Point on rock 

Shoals, surface of water 

Robertson Ferry, 100 feet below, point on rock 

Surface of water 

Shoals, surface of water 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water 



HALL A 
HOYT 



ND ] HIWASSEE AND NOTTELY RIVERS. 87 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. C. — Continued. 



Surface of water 

Chambers Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

20 feet north of bank, point on rock 

Opposite island, surface of water 

Beaverdam Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Opposite island, surface of water 

Lared Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Rapids, surface of water 

Anderson Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water (15 feet above low water) 

Shallow Ford, 40 feet south of, nail in root of gum 

Surface of water 

High water 

Foot of small shoals, surface of water 

Shoals Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Foot of small rapids, surface of water 

Stream, south of, surface of water 

Cane Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Camp Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Kilpatrick Ferry, 12 feet south of, willow tree 

Surface of water 

Taylor Ferry, 60 feet northwest of, edge of bank, point on large rock. 

Surface of water 

Apalachia, N. C, Sular Creek, mouth of, 100 feet from post-office, 
5 feet feet north of bank of river, triple willow tree 

Surface of water 

High water 



Elevation 
in feet. 


1 


329 


1 


324 


1 


327. 94 


1 


318 


1 


304 


1 


296 


1 


290 


1 


285 


1 


277 


1 


269 


1 


259 


1 


248 


1 


240 


1 


239. 67 


1 


234 


1 


241 


1 


227 


1 


227 


1 


218 


1 


198 


1 


195 


1 


178 


1 


175 


1 


175. 14 


1 


172 


1 


169. 58 


1 


166 


1 


161.58 


1 


158 


1 


168 



NOTTELY RIVER BELOW BLAIRSVILLE, GA. 

Nottely River was surveyed from its mouth, 3J miles below Mur- 
phy, N. C, to Blairsville Bridge, near Blairsville, Ga., a distance of 
38 miles. In that distance there is a fall of 314 feet. A line of 
secondary levels was run, based on a primary bench mark of the 
United States Geological Survey at Hiwassee, Ga., and the field 
sheets were plotted on a scale of 1 : 22,500. During the course of the 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



survey 30 bench marks were established and 88 water-surface eleva- 
tions obtained. 

One mile above the mouth of the river is a 24-foot shoal 1 mile 
long, where there is an excellent solid rock dam site. At this place 
a dam would be 200 feet long. Three and one-fourth miles farther 
up, at Hall Ford, there is a shoal with a fall of 33 feet in If miles, 
with good bottom and good sides. A dam would be about 350 feet 
long. 

2,000 











be 


T3 

O 

PI 




Jarrett dam, 4 ft. 

\ Highway bridge, 
Blairsville, Ga. 


© 

ax 

w 

s 

A 

Pi 
o 

o 


o 

i=i 

& ^ — i 




> 
a. 
< 

Q 

Z 

§ 

CQ 

- o 
5 


u 

PP 

(=1 
o 

Si 

< 


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o 

I 
h- 
ir 
o 

z 


s 








Miles 3 


5 3 


2 


5 2 


1 


5 1 





) 



1,750 % 



1,500 £ 



1,250 



For 9 miles above this point the bottoms widen and are culti- 
vated on either side for most of the distance. The fall in this sec- 
tion is a little over 3 feet per mile. 

One mile below Laudermilk Ford there is a shoal with a fall of 
10 feet in three-fourths of a mile where a dam, with a length of 200 
feet, could be built. 

At Thompson Bridge, at the foot of a 46-foot shoal, 3 miles long, 
is an excellent dam site. From Weazel Creek to Morgan Ford, 5 J 
miles, the river has a fall of 40 feet, and there are two or three suit- 
able sites for small dams. At Watkins Bridge there is a 4-foot dam 
using all the available power to operate a gristmill. 



HALL AND~| 
HOYT. J 



NOTTELY RIVER. 



89 



From here to Blairsville Bridge, the end of the survey, the river 
is very much smaller, with a few small shoals, which, however, do 
not seem worth developing. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet 
marked " 1892 Atlanta" in the foundation wall at northwest corner 
of Union County court-house^ Blairsville, Ga., the elevation of which 
is accepted as 1,891.536 feet above mean sea level. The leveling is 
adjusted with the Hiwassee River flying levels to accord with the 
1903 adjusted elevation of primary bench marks at Blairsville and 
Hiwassee. 

The leveling was done, under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, 
field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

Elevations on Nottely River from its mouth to Blairsville, Ga. 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.0 

.0 
.3 
.3 



3 

.5 
.5 

.8 
.8 
2 

2.3 
2.4 
2.6 

2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
4.2 
4.2 
4.9 
5.2 
5.4 
5.5 
5.5 
5.5 



Junction of Nottely and Hiwassee rivers, on point of peninsular, 
nail in side of birch tree 



Surface of water 

At lower ford, surface of water 

Seventy-five feet north of lower ford, nail in root of hickory tree. . . 

High-water mark 

Upper ford, 50 feet south of, nail in root of oak tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water , 

Deep Ford, 25 feet north of, nail in root of black oak 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

High water 

Head of shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water, rain during night raised 1.3 feet (lower water 
surface, 1,492.67 feet) 

Hall Bridge, 20 feet west of, nail in side of apple tree 

Surface of water 

High water 

Davis Ford, 20 feet northwest of, nail in side of maple tree. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water, on rock 

Mouth of Coombs Creek, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Hall Ford, north edge of river, nail in side of water birch tree 

Surface of water 

High water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



1,459.40 

1,454.52 

1,459 

1,466.77 

1,471 

1..474.59 

1,467 

1,477 

1,472 

1,478 

1,487.56 

1,483 

1,489 

1,499 

1,491 

1,493 

1,500.20 

1,493 

1,503 

1,504. ^3 

1,499 

1,502 

1,505 

1,505 

1,513.02 

1,505 

1,521 



90 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Nottely River from its mouth to Blairsville, Ga— Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



5.9 

6 

6.6 

6.9 

7 

7.1 

7.5 

8.6 

8.6 
8.9 

8.9 

9.6 

10.5 

10.9 

11.5 

11.5 

11.7 

12 

12 

12 

12.2 

12.9 

13.3 

13.3 

13.3 

14.2 

15.1 

15.4 

15.6 

16 

16.8 

16.8 
16.8 
17.2 
17.7 

17.8 
17.8 



Mouth of branch, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Opposite island, surface of water 

Mouth of Rocky Branch, surface of water 

Near old mill, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Nottely Bridge, 1,800 feet north of, in old field near barn, nail in 
side of persimmon tree 

Mouth of branch, surface of water 

Nottely Bridge, 100 feet west of, 5 feet south of road, nail in side of 
black oak tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of Johnson Branch, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Jack Creek, 900 feet south of, in bend of river, 600 feet west and 
600 feet north of, in cornfield, nail in root of dead peach tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Anderson Bridge, 50 feet west of, nail in side of sycamore tree .... 

Surface of water 

High water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of branch, surface of water 

Ford (has no name ) , 20 feet northeast of, nail in side of birch stump . 

Surface of water 

High water. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Laudermilk Ford, 1.4 miles below, opposite old fish dam. 50 feet west 
of river, near small branch, nail in root of black oak tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Laudermilk Ford, 100 feet southwest of, 20 feet north of road, nail 
in root of apple tree 

Surface of water 

High water 

Mouth of Butler Creek, surface of water 

Below fish dam, surface of water 

Mouth of Moccasin Creek, surface of water 

Moccasin Creek, 200 feet south of, 35 feet east of river, east side of 
road, nail in root of red oak tree 



HALL 
HOYT 



*f D ] NOTTELY RIVER. 

Elevations on Nottely River from its mouth to Blair sville, Ga. — Continued. 



91 



Mouth of branch, surface of water 

Mouth of Dooley Creek, surface of water 

Thompson Bridge, 250 feet south of, 100 feet southeast of road, nail 
in root of red-oak tree 

Surface of water 

High water 

Surface of water 

In shoals, surface of water 

Above fish dam, surface of water 

Plead of fish dam, surface of water 

Foot of island, in shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 



Chapman Ford, 150 feet north of, 2 feet east of road, nail in root of 
walnut tree 



Surface of water 

High water . 

Just below fish dam, surface of water 

Mouth of Camp Creek, surface of water 

Above shoals, surface of water 

Mouth of Weasel Creek, surface of water 

Mouth of branch, surface of water 

In shoals, surface of water 

Chamber Ford, 0.4 mile northeast of, northwest side of river, point 
on edge of rock 

Chamber Ford, 200 feet west of, nail in root of walnut tree 

Surface of water 

High water 

Above small shoals, surface of water 

Chastain Ford, 50 feet west of, nail in side of walnut tree 

Surface of water 

Foot of large shoals, surface of water 

Mouth of Ivylog Creek, head of shoals, surface of water 

Near house, surface of water 



Majners Ford, 75 feet west of, on edge of bank, nail in side of corn- 
bean tree 

Surface of water 

Meadow Ford, 15 feet north of, nail in root of beech tree 

Surface of water 

High water 

Iluggins Ford, 25 feel north of, corn bean tree, na:l in side of 

Surface of water 

Shoals, surface of water 

Surface of water 

irr 115—05 7 



Elevation 
in feet. 



1,591 
1,591 

1,611.01 

1,592 

1,601.. 53 

1,599 

1,611 

1,617 

1,619 

1,624 

1,630 

1,645.81 

1,634 

1,644 

1,638 

1,639 

1,652 

1,655 

1,656 

1,657 

1,675.88 

1,671.49 

1,661 

1,678 

1,669 

1,683.45 

1,669 

1,675 

1,680 

1,685 

1,690.8 

1,687 

1,699.17 

1,689 

1,703 

1,707.82 

1,692 

1,694 

1,698 



92 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Nottely River from its mouth to Blairsville, Ga. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



27.9 

28.4 

28.4 

29 

29 

29.1 

29.4 

30 

30.3 

30.3 

30.8 

31.1 

31.4 

31.4 

31.5 

31.9 

31.9 

31.9 

32.2 

33 

33.6 

33.6 

33.6 

33.6 

34.5 
34.5 
35 
35.9 

35.9 
35.9 
37.2 



Above shoals, surface of water 

Morgan Ford, 40 feet north of, red-oak tree 

Surface of water 

Mouth of Young Cane Creek, surface of water 

Muuth of Castile Creek, surface of water 

Castile Creek, 1,600 feet above, on rock, edge of river, point on rock. 

Above rapids, surface of water 

Above fish dam, surface of water. ' 

McBee Ford, 60 feet north of, nail in side of red oak 

Surface of water 

Above branch, surface of water 

Mouth of Reece Creek, surface of water 

Youngs Ford, 80 feet southwest of, red-oak tree 

Surface of water 

Millburn Creek, just below, surface of water 

At canal, surface of water at foot of 

Head of canal, surface of water 

Canal cut, 50 feet northeast of river, 15 feet southwest of ford, nail 
in root of red-oak tree (cut has a drop of 3.6 feet) 

Above small rapids, surface of water 

Mouth of creek, surface of water 

Watkins Bridge, 375 feet above, north edge of river, point on rock . . 

Surface of water 

Jarrett milldam, foot of, surface of water 

jarrett milldam, head of, surface of water (Jarrett milldam has a 
drop of 3.79 feet) 

Reeds Ford, 150 feet east of, nail in root of walnut tree 

Surface of water 

Above small rapids, surface of water 

Blairsville Bridge, 100 feet southeast of, mouth of Butternut Creek, 
15 feet north of, nail in side of red-oak tree 

Surface of water 

High water 

Blairsville court-house, Union County, Ga., in wall on west side of 
building, bronze tablet 



Elevation 
in feet. 



1,698 

1.714 

1,702 

1,699 

1,709 

1,714.20 

1,715 

1,718 

1,734.37 

1,721 

1,723 

1,724 

1,741.02 

1,727 

1,730 

1,732 

1,735 

1,741.26 

1,739 

1,743 

1,747.54 

1,747 

1,748 

1,752 
1,766.24 
1, 755 
1,760 

1,775.94 

1,769 

1,783 

1,891.536 



TOCCOA RIVER BELOW DIAL, GA. 

Toccoa River was surveyed from Butts Bridge, 3 miles east of Dial 
Ga., to the Tennessee State line, near McCays, Tenn. In the 36 miles 
surveyed there is a fall of 414 feet. A line of secondary levels was run, 
based on the primary bench mark of the United States Geological 



HALL AND ~| 
HOYT. 



TOCCOA RIVER. 



<)3 



Survey, three-fourths of a mile northeast of Butts Bridge. The field 
sheets were plotted on the scale of 1 : 22,500, and during the course of 
this survey 27 bench marks were established and 94 water-surface 
elevations were obtained. 

Toccoa River flows in a northwesterly direction, and after crossing 
the Tennessee State line is known as Ocoee River. Between Pigeon 
Creek and Dial Bridge there is a shoal, with a fall of 21 feet in 1^ miles. 
There are good foundations for a dam 250 feet long. 

From upper Big Creek to Shallow Ford, 3 miles, there is a fall of 55 
feet in an almost continuous shoal. There are several available power 
sites, and building material is easily accessible. From Shallow Ford 

2,000 













eek 
Creek 




^ « pq 

bjj p /" 


o 
Eh 

CD 




14 
<X> 
CD 

O 




(V 
O 


C 2 

X / 























1,500£ 



1,2.50 



Miles 



35 



30 25 20 15 10 

Fig. 16.— Profile of Toccoa River below Dial, Ga. 



to Wilscot Creek, 1\ miles, the river has an average fall of 18 feet per 
mile. There are several excellent sites where there is hard rock on 
either side. 

From Wilscot Creek to Charlie Creek there is an average fall of 14 
feet per mile, with several fine shoals having steep hills and good hard 
bottom. 

Eleven miles down the river, at Galloway, Ga., there is a shoal with 
a fall of 10 feet in half a mile. This would be a good site for a small dam. 
From one-half mile below Galloway to McCays, Term., 6 miles, the 
river has a fall of 60 feet, with several good power sites. 



94 



EIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 
tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building 
at Atlanta, marked "1050 MC," the elevation of which is now 
accepted as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level. They accord with 
the 1903 adjusted elevations of primary bench marks near Morganton 
and Shallow Ford. The section from Shallow Ford to McCays Ferry 
is a single spur line. 

The leveling was done under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, field 
assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

Elevations on Toccoa River from Butts Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee State line. 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.0 

1.5 
1.5 
1.5 
2 

2 

2.3 

2.5 

2.9 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

4 

4 

4.2 

4.2 

4.7 

5.1 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

5.7 

5.9 

6.1 

6.4 

6.4 

7 

7.1 



Morganton (3 miles east of Dial), forks of Morganton and Ellijay 
road, in large marble rock, copper bolt marked ' ' 1981 " 



Butts Bridge, surface of water 

Butts Bridge, east side of, nail in top of abutment 

High-water mark 

Pigeon Creek, 550 feet east of, north side of road, 60 feet north of 
river, point on rock 

Mouth of Pigeon Creek, surface of water 

Between rapids, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Mouth of Weeks Creek, foot of rapids, surface of water 



Dial post-office, Van Zant's bridge, 100 feet north of, east side of 
road, nail in root of red-oak tree 



Surface of water 

High-water mark 

Mouth of Noontootly Creek, surface of water 

Mouth of branch, surface of water 

Rogers Ford, 50 feet west of, nail in root of tree. 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

In rapids, surface of water 



Big Creek Ford, 225 feet southeast of, 50 feet south of river, nail in 
root of white-oak tree 



Surface of water 

In rapids, surface of water 

Above rapids, surface of water. . . 
Below fish dam, surface of water. 
Head of shoals, surface of water. 
Foot of shoals, surface of water. . 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Shallow Ford, 1 mile north of, north side of road, in large rock, cop- 
per bolt marked ' ' 1859 " 



1,947.821 

1,858 

1,874.25 

1,870 

1,858.35 

1,849 

1,845 

1,840 

1,830 

1,844.68 

1,828 

1,851 

1,823 

1,821 

1,825.14 

1,820 

1,815 

1,813 

1,817.74 

1,810 

1,809 

1,802 

1,799 

1,795 

1,791 

1,790 

1,782 

1, 826. 439 



HA hoyt ND ] TOOCOA RIVER. 95 

Elevations on Toccoa River from Butts Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee Stcte line — Continued. 



14.7 

15 .2 

15.4 

15.8 

16 

16.8 



Single /lying level spur line to McCays Ferry. 

Below rapids, surface of water 

In rapids, surface of water 

Shallow Ford, 100 feet north of, nail in root of red-oak tree 

Surface of water 

High-water mark 

In rapids, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of Stanley Creek, surface of water 

Rapids, surface of water . 

Mouth of stream, surface of water 

Below rapids, surface of water , 

Stanley Creek, 1 mile northwest of, opposite island; north side of 
river, point on rock 

In rapids, surface of water 

Opposite falls in river, 50 feet north of first falls, point or large rock. . 

Head of falls, surface of water 

Foot of falls, surface of water 

Mouth of branch, surface of water 

Below rapids, surface of water 

Mouth oif Flat Creek, surface of water 

In rapids, surface of water.. _ 

Surface of water 

Head of long shoals, surface of water 

Rock cliff, south side of river, opposite large shoals, point in side of . 

Head of island, in shoals, surface of water 

Foot of island, in shoals, surface of water 

In shoals, surface of water 

Foot of large shoals, surface of water 

Below rapids, head of more shoals, surface of water 

In rapids, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Mouth of Persimmon Creek, surface of water 

Persimmon Creek, 300 feet east of, west side of river, nail in root of 
large dead stump 

Below fish dam, surface of water 

Mouth of stream, surface of water 

Mouth of Wilscot Creek, surface of water 

In shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

In rapids, surface of water 



Elevation 

in feet. 


1,779 


1,769 


1,774.93 


1,763 


1,774 


1,758 


1,755 


1,752 


1,747 


1,743 


1,738 


1,738.77 


1,729 


1,744.02 


1,728 


1,719 


1,717 


1,709 


1,705 


1,691 


1,690 


1,689 


1,692.11 


1,679 


1,677 


1,665 


1,659 


1,656 


1,646 


1,640 


1,633 


1,638.06 


1,629 


1,624 


1,624 


1,616 


1,609 


1,602 



96 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

Elevations on Toccoa River from Butts Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee State line — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



16.9 

17.1 

17.3 

17.3 

17.6 

18.2 

18.3 

18.8 

19 

19.6 

20 

20 

20 

20 

21.5 

21.6 

22 

22.4 

22.4 

22.9 

23.5 

23.6 

23.9 

23.9 

25.2 

25.5 

25.5 
25.5 
26.6 
26.8 

26.8 

28 
28.8 

28.8 
29.6 
30 



Single flying level spur line to McOays Ferry — Continued. 

Wilscot Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of, xock cliff, 18 feet north of 
river, point on very large rock 

In shoals, surface of water 

Foot of shoals, surface of water 

Tarpley Ford, surface of water 

Tarpley Ford, 20 feet west of, nail in root of beech tree 

In rapids, surface of water 

Mouth of creek, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of creek, surface of water 

Mouth of Bullfrog Creek, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Mouth of Charlie Creek, surface of water 

Lovingood Ford, 300 feet northeast of, nail in side of walnut tree . . 

Surface of water 

High-water mark 

Mouth of Star Creek, surface of water 

Below fish dam, surface of water 

Mouth of Rogers Branch, surface of water. . . „ 

Toccoa Bridge, surface of water 

Toccoa Bridge, 10 feet east of , nail in root of beech tree 

Mouth of spring stream, surface of water 

Below small rapids, surface of water 

Mouth of Weavers Creek, surface of water 

At Benchlog Ford, surface of water 

Benchlog Ford, 20 feet northeast of, nail in side of beech tree 

Large bend in river, surface of water 

Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railroad bridge, east side of bridge 
abutment, point on rock 

Surface of water 

High-water mark 

Mouth of branch, surface of water 

Harts Ford, 100 feet west of, stump on edge of bank at canoe land- 
ing, nail in side of 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Bakers Ford, 100 feet southeast of, on edge of bank, nail in side of 
birch tree 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Bend of river, surface of water 



1IAI.I 
HOYT 



N "| 



TOCCOA AND CHIPPEWA KIVKRS. 



97 



Elevations on Toccoa River from Huff* Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee State line — Continued. 



Single flying level spur line to McCoys Ferry Continued. 

Surface of water 

Month of Sugar Creek, surface of water 

Sugar Creek railroad bridge abutment, point in center of east side 
of bridge. 

Below Galloway Ford, surface of water 

In shoals, surface of water 

200 feet northwest of ford, 4 feet southeast of Atlanta, Knoxville 
and Northern Railroad track, nail in side of peach tree 

Surface of water 

Canoe Landing, surface of water 

Hothouse Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Foot of small shoals, near island, surface of water 

Mouth of Barker Creek, surface of water 

Kyle post-office, 600 feet east of, Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern 
Railroad bridge over Barker Creek, on southeast end of, end bolt. . 

Kyle post-office, 40 feet south of, in front of Queen Brothers' store, 
pile supporting platform, nail in top of 

Kyle ford, surface of water 

Below rapids, surface of water 

Mouth of Wolf Creek, surface of water 

Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railroad bridge over Ocoee River, 
east side of bridge, point on abutment 

Surface of water 

In bend of river, surface of water 

Dillbeck Ford, north edge of river, nail in side of dead birch tree 

Surface of water. 

McCays post-office, Polk County, Tenn., rock supporting southwest 
corner of, point on 

McCays Ferry, north side of river, pile supporting swinging bridge, 
cartridge shell in top of 

High-water mark 

Surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



1,498 
1,494 

1,508.32 

1,592 
1,589 

1,562.69 
1,484 

1,479 
1,476 
1,467 
1,464 ' 

1,482.43 

1,483.62 
1,463 
1,458 
1,455 

1,471.98 

1,452 

1,450 

1,451.87 

1,447 

1 , 46S. 07 

1,460.15 
1,469 

1,444 



CHIPPEWA RIVER FROM REEDS LANDING, MINNESOTA, TO 

FLAMBEAU, WIS. 

Between April 15 and June 12, 1903, J. II. Ellis, field assistant, 
ran a careful double-rodded primary-level line along the Chippewa 
River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. This 
work was under the general direction of J. H. Renshawe, geographer 
in charge of the central section of topography. Later in the year it 
was decided to continue this work above Chippewa Falls, and on 



98 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



September 1 the central and eastern sections having united as the 
eastern section of topography, H. M. Wilson, geographer in charge, 
assigned F. T. Fitch, field assistant, to this work. Between that 
date and October 4 Mr. Fitch ran a line of flying levels accompanied 
by a plane-table stadia traverse and topographic sketching from 
Chippewa Falls to Flambeau, Wis. 




Fig. 17.— Map showing location of surveys in Wisconsin. 

This level work is based on a bench mark of the Mississippi River 
Commission at Reeds Landing, and the distances were obtained 
by pacing. No plane-table survey of the river was undertaken. 
In this section, 64 miles in length, there is a fall of 135 feet. Eleven 
bench-mark tablets and 70 temporary bench marks were established, 
and 72 water-surface elevations were determined. 

While the survey was being made the stage of the river fluctuated 
greatly, owing to rains and to alternate flooding and stoppage 



HA hoyt ND ] CHIPPEWA RIVEtt. 99 

of the stream by various lumber companies. This diversion of the 
water is the cause of much compiaint by the various mill owners, 
many of whom want a system of reservoirs constructed near the 
headwaters to regulate the water supply. 

Owing to the slight fall, the width of the stream, and the wide 
bottom lands, there are no opportunities for power development 
upon the Chippewa above Reeds Landing until the city of Eau Claire 
is reached. 

On Eau Claire River, a few hundred feet above its junction with 
the Chippewa at Eau Claire, is a 1.3-foot dam 300 feet long, which 
furnishes power for a linen mill. A few miles above the city of 
Eau Claire on Chippewa River the Dells Paper Company has a 20- 
foot dam which might be raised 3 or 4 feet by the use of flashboards. 
There are no power sites on Chippewa River until the city of Chip- 
pewa Falls is reached, but there are good prospects of developing 
power on several of the tributaries between these cities. 

From Chippewa Falls to Flambeau the stadia survey of the river 
and adjacent banks was plotted on a scale of 1:22,500. In this 
distance, 43 miles, there is a total fall of 244 feet. Seven bench 
marks were established and 40 water-surface elevations were deter- 
mined. 

At Chippewa Falls a wooden 13-foot dam, owned by the Chippewa 
Falls Lumber and Boom Company, increases the head to 30 feet and 
supplies power for a large sawmill, and an electric plant which furnishes 
the city of Chippewa Falls with water and light. This dam could 
be made higher, as the local conditions are favorable, but this would 
interfere with a proposed plant at Paint Creek Rapids, 2\ miles up- 
stream, to which point the water now backs up. Here there was 
formerly a flooding dam, but a freshet cut a channel around it to 
the north, and the dam has since been torn out. A 14-foot dam 
could be constructed at the foot of the rapids where the banks and 
bed of the river are sand intermingled with large bowlders. Abund- 
ant stone for construction is near at hand. 

At Eagle Rapids, 4^ miles upstream, is a good site for a dam. 
A dam here was torn out. A 20-foot dam would back water three- 
fourths of a mile above the city of Chippewa, where O' Neils Creek 
enters from the west. One mile above O' Neils Creek is a gorge 
700 feet wide. A 25-foot dam would have solid sandstone for 
foundation and abutments and would back water almost to the 
foot of Jim Falls, 5 miles above. At the small village of Jim Falls, 
near the site of an old flooding dam, is the best opportunity for power 
development on the river. This point is now under development, 
the company having purchased all the land needed as well as the 
water rights. The river flows over a series of granite Ledges from 
1 to 4 feet high, while the banks seem to be solid rock covered by a 



100 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [no. 115. 

few feet of sandy soil. The proposed dam will be 28 feet high and 
will be located at the head of the rapids. It will furnish power for a 
pulp mill. The dam will back water nearly to Brunne Falls, 9J 
miles, and covers the Colton and Chevalley rapids. The head 
obtained by this dam will be 55 feet. 

At Brunne Falls the best location for a dam would be at the main 
fall, about 650 feet above the foot of the rapids, where a 35-foot dam 
would back the water up to the rapids at Holcombe, 5^ miles. The 
river at the falls is very narrow, and at the point mentioned the banks 
are ledges of rock. A rocky island in the river would help in the 
construction a good deal. 

At Holcombe the Chippewa Falls Lumber and Boom Company 
has an old dam with a head of about 17 feet. This is the third dam 
they have built there, the others having been washed out by freshets. 
As the lumber interests in this locality are declining, the present 
dam is being allowed to decay, and could be replaced with a more 
substantial structure for power purposes. The river here has a rock 
bottom and rather low, clay sides, and an 18-foot dam could be 
constructed on the site of the present structure, which, together 
with a 15-foot dam at the foot of the rapids, would not destroy any 
more valuable bottom lands above. This would back the water up 
for more than a mile above Deer Tail Creek and furnish con- 
siderable storage. From here to Flambeau, the end of the survey, 
there are no rapids of any consequence. 

There are two railway bridges and a highway bridge across the 
river at Chippewa Falls and another road bridge just below Eagle 
Rapids. There are but few boats on the river, as during the log- 
driving season boats would be crushed. 

The lumbering operations, which are on the decline, are controlled 
by the Chippewa Falls Lumber and Boom Company, with head- 
quarters at Chippewa Falls, a thriving city of about 10,000 popula- 
tion, where there are a number of factories and milJs. About ten 
miles above is the city of Chippewa, at one time the most promising 
town in the neighborhood, but now little more than a hamlet. At 
Jim Falls there is a village, but Holcombe is the only town of any 
importance above Chippewa Falls. Several railroad lines are being 
built in this section, and the agricultural and manufacturing interests 
are supplanting the lumber industry, while the land is generally 
taken up by settlers wherever the lumber has been cut, so that no 
second-growth timber is coming up. The whole community seems 
very prosperous, while numerous companies are on the point of 
investing capital in the manufacturing interests in the neighbor- 
hood. 

The elevations of water surfaces of the river are dependent on 
the following table of daily gage readings by the Chippewa Falls 



HALL 
HOY 



AND~| 
T. J 



CHIPPEWA RIVER. 



101 



Lumber and Boom Company from a gage on the highway bridge at 
Chippewa Falls. The elevation of the zero of gage is 804.8 feet 
above sea level. The gage height of the highest water known had 
an elevation of 831.4 feet above sea level. 



Gage height of Chippewa River at Chippev>a Falls. 



Date. 


Height. 


Date. Height. 


May 1 


Ft. In. 
8 10 


Ft. In. 
Juno 6 3 10 


2 


8 6 7 1 2 2 


3 


8 
8 
7 9 
7 3 
6 8 
5 6 
5 6 


8 2 6 


4 


9 


3 
2 9 
2 6 
2 6 
2 2 


5 


10 


6 1 


11 


7 


12 


8 


13 


9 


14 


10 


15 


1 G 


ii ; 


5 6 

8 9 

9 6 
9 6 
9 1 
8 1 


16 


1 6 


12 


17 


1 6 


13. 


18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

July 1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


1 3 


14 


6 


15 


2 6 


16... 




17 


1 


18 


6 3 
5 8 
5 2 
5 3 
5 8 
5 3 


1 3 


19 


1 


20 


9 


21 


9 


22 


9 


23 




24 


1 6 


25 


1 

5 9 

6 4 
8 8 

11 

12 5 
11 8 
10 3 

8 8 

7 10 
6 6 
5 9 
4 9 


1 10 


26 


3 8 


27 


4 10 


28 


5 7 


29 . 


9 6 


30 


10 6 


31 


10 3 


June 1 


9 


2 


7 9 


3 


6 9 


4 


5 1 


5 






102 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 

Gage height of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls — Continued. 



[NO. 115. 



Date. 


Height. 


Date. 


Height. 


July 12 


Ft. In. 
6 
5 4 
4 6 

4 3 
3 3 
3 3 

5 

1 

2 10 
2 6 
2 3 
2 3 

2 3 

3 


Aug. 22.. 


Ft. In. 
1 9 


13 


23 




14 


24 


1 9 


15 


25 


1 9 


16 


26 


1 9 


17 


27 


1 9 


18... 


28 


2 


19 


29 


2 3 


20 


30 


2 6 


21 


31 


2 3 


22 


Sept. 1 


2 3 


23.... 


2 


2 9 


24 


3 


2 3 


25 


4 


2 


26 


5 




27 


2 6 
, 1 9 
1 6 
1 4 
1 
1 3 

1 6 

2 

2 9 

3 6 
5 3 

5 3 

6 9 
3 6 
3 10 
3 8 
3 
3 3 
3 2 
3 6 


6 


2 3 


28 


7 


2 6 


29 


8 


2 8 


30 


9 


4 


31 


10 


4 4 


Aug. 1. 


11 


5 1 


2 


12 


7 


3... 


13 


7 8 


4 


14 


9 6 


5 


15 


12 4 


6 


16 


13 3 


7 


17 


12 6 


8 


18 


11 


9 


19 


9 6 


10 


20 


8 6 


11 


21 


7 3 


12 


22 


6 4 


13 


23 


5 6 


14 


24 


4 6 


15 


25 


3 3 


16 


26 


3 3 


17 


3 
2 6 
2 
1 6 
1 6 


27 


3 3 


18 


28 


3 4 


19 


29 


3 3 


20 


30 


3 3 


21 


Oct. 1 


3 3 



HAI 

HOYT 



( , n 4 XI> ] chippewa river. 

Gage height of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls — Continued. 



103 



Date. 


Height. 




Date. 


Height. 


Oct. 2 


Ft. In. 
3 3 
3 6 
5 9 


Oct. 


5.. 


Ft. In. 

7 10 


3 


6 

7 


8 1 


4... 




8 



The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet, 
marked "797 E. C," at southwest corner of the court-house at Eau 
Claire, Wis., the elevation of which is accepted as 797.473 feet above 
mean sea level. The initial point upon which these levels depend is 
bench mark " Bottom," of the Missouri River Commission, opposite 
Reeds Landing, Minnesota, the elevation of which is accepted as 
672.355 feet above mean sea level. These elevations accord with 
the 1903 adjustment of the precise-level net. 

Permanent bench marks dependent on this datum are marked with 
the letters " E. C." in addition to the figures of elevation. 

































CD 








M 












T3 




























a> 
































J 








O 












03 


^ 




£A 


S 












a 


CO 




s> 


cc 


•& 










em 


Q 




O 


O 
ft 


o 
















u 


w 


o 

W 


O 


CD 

co 
so 


% 

o 

V) 


-^ CD 

S 


em 


03 

tS 




3 
i£— - 


_J. 




U 






* a 


£ 










£ 




03 


CD 

H 


Qffl 












03 




Q 
















CO 





















Miles 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 

Fig. 18. Profile of Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Flambeau, Wis. 



550 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.0 



Reeds Landing, Minnesota (Miss. River Commission bench mark 
'Bottom"), tile and iron pipe in low flat ground, opposite, 220 
meters from left bank of river, in property of Mrs. ('. S. Richards, 
45 meters west of Chicago. Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad trestle 
to bridge, 205 meters southwest of end of trestle and small pond. . 



Elevation 
in feet. 



072. 355 



104 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



0.5 
1.4 

1.4 

1.9 
2.6 

2.6 
3.2 
3.5 

3.5 
3.6 

3.8 

4.3 

4.5 

4.5 


5.5 
5.8 
6.2 
6.6 
6.7 
7.4 

7.4 

7.9 

7.9 

8 

8.5 

8.5 

9 

9 

9.6 

9.6 

10. 3 



High water in back water of slough 

Trevin's, at grade crossing Burlington and Chicago, Milwaukee and 
St. Paul railroads, top of rail 

15 feet northwest of intersection of grade crossing, spike in telegraph 
pole 

15 feet northwest of end of trestle, nail in top of fence post 

Lone narrow island, lower end of, left bank of river, birch tree, nail 
in root of 



High water 

Private road crossing, top of rail 

Government dam, 300 feet below, opposite north end of small island, 
left bank of river, water maple, nail on notch 

High water •_ 

300 feet north of rapids, high water 

Wancuda Island, 0.25 mile below north end of, left bank of river, 
notch cut on elm tree, nail in 



North end of Government dam, 100 feet below, left channel, surface 
of water 



165 feet east of river, water maple tree, notch cut in. 
Surface of water 



Near north corner of C. W. Knight's yard, in top of limestone 8 by 
10 by 26 inches, set 25 inches in ground, bronze tablet marked 
"682 E. C." 



Opposite trestle 32 H, surface of water 

Old Battle Slough station, in west side of switch stand, spike 

Surface of water (river about 1 foot above ordinary stage ) 

Bridge No. 38 M, 50 feet south of, west side of dump, cross on stone. 

Bridge No. 42 M, private road crossing south of, top of rail 

Bridge No. 50 M, at south end of, east side of track, nail in cross cut 
in cap 

Surface of water 

Private crossing, top of rail 

Surface of water 

Second telegraph pole north of slough, spike in 

Elm tree on left bank of river, nail in notch cut in 

Surface of water (1.9 feet higher than stage observed nearer mouth) . 

Trestle No. 60 M, top of rail 

Surface of water 

Maxwell station, surface of water 

Maxwell, 180 feet southwest of platform, in sandstone post 8 by 12 
by 80 inches, set 27 inches in ground, bronze tablet marked 
"691 E. 0." 



Trestle No. 66 M, Little Belf Slough, surface of water. 



AND 1 

r-r. J 



CHIPPEWA RIVER. 



105 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 

in feet. 


10.6 


West side of railroad, near gate at private road crossing, nail in top 
of stump 


694. 91 


10 6 


Surface of water (is about 4 feet lower than low water) 


693 


11.4 


South end of trestle No. 70 M, 15 feet cast of railroad, cross on sand- 
stone . . ... 


701.32 


11.9 


Big Beef Slough, 150 feet below railroad bridge No. 74 M (is about 
3 feet above low water) surface of water . 


695 


12.3 
12.4 


595 feet north of bridge, on west side of track, nail in top of post. 

Private road crossing, top of east rail 


711.65 
714.61 


12.8 


Pawn's farm, private road crossing, top of west rail 


724.3 


13.4 
13.4 


T. 24 N., R. 13 W., just outside of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
Railroad right of way, left bank of river, and 0.25 mile due west 
of center sec. 6, in sandstone post 12 by 6 by 30 inches, bronze 
tablet marked "733 E. C." 

Surface of water . 


732. 878 
698 


14 


Round Hill, 0.25 mile below, left bank of river, black oak tree, nail in 
notch cut in 


737.7 


14 


Surface of water 


699 


14.4 


Road in front of barn 


733 


14.4 


Surface of water 


699 


14.6 


Round Hill, north and south road crossing on Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad . 


731.4 


15.2 


Road crossing on east side of railroad, spike in signboard. . . 


740. 56 


15.9 


Private road crossing, top of rail 


724. 55 


16.1 


Durand, 100 feet north of south switch block, 12 feet east of center 
of track, north end of sandstone, cross 


717. 54 


16.5 
16.8 


300 feet north of brewery, east and west road crossing, top of rail. . 
Durand, road crossing north of station, top of rail. 


720.6 

724.7 


16.8 
16.8 


Durand County jail building, water table at southwest corner of, 
bronze tablet marked "724 E. C." 

Upper bridge, surface of water 


724. 361 
703 


17.5 


Durand, north part of, at north end of siding, 35 feet northwest of 
switch block, cotton wood tree, notch cut in root, nail in 


727. 23 


18.2 


Spur line up river. 
Elm tree, left bank of river, nail in notch 


707. 24 


18.2 


Surface of water 


705 


18.5 


Creek from east, white oak tree at, nail in notch on root 


707. 20 


18.5 


Creek, at mouth, surface of water (river is about 2 feet above low 
water) 


706 


18.8 
18.8 


Main line continued. 

Northwest corner of trestle No. 96 M, nail in top of fence post 

Surface of water 


717.24 
711 


19.1 


Beaver Creek, surface of water 


712 



106 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



19.1 
19.7 
19.7 
20.4 
20.6 
21.1 
21.2 
21.4 
22.1 
22.1 
22.4 
22.8 

23.1 

23.1 

23.3 

23.9 

24 

24.2 

24.4 

24.6 

24.6 

25.7 

25.7 
25.8 
26.4 
26.7 
26.7 
26.9 
27.1 
27.4 
27.9 
27.9 
28.8 

28.8 
29.4 
29.6 



Trestle No. 98 M, top of sandstone, at southeast end of trestle 

Trestle No. 100 M, southeast corner of, spike in cap 

Surface of water 

Bear Lake, 0.75 mile north of, private road crossing, top of west rail. 

Private road crossing, top of east rail 

Whistle post for road crossing, spike in 

East and west road crossing, top of west rail 

Northwest and southeast road crossing, top of west rail 

Weber's house, road crossing, top of rail 

Crossing post, near bottom, railroad spike 

Trestle No. 106 M, section line between sees. top of rail. . 

Red Cedar, 0.33 mile south of, T. 25 N., R. 12 W., sec. 6, one-quarter 
corner north side of, in ground at T road east, sandstone 6 by 12 by 
30 inches, bronze tablet marked "755 E. C." 

Red Cedar, west part of, foundation to water tank 

Red Cedar, road crossing, top of rail 

Surface of water 

Private road crossing, top of rail 

Private road crossing, spike in base of first telegraph pole north of. . 

Red Cedar Junction, at switch block, top of east rail 

Red Cedar Junction, surface of water at bridge 

Trestle No. 108 M, at southwest corner, nail in top of fence post 

Surface of water 

Tyrone (abandoned station), 750 feet south of, spike in telegraph 
pole 

Surface of water 

Tyrone, at road crossing, top of rail 

Private road crossing, top of rail. 

Trestle No. 116, fence post at southwest corner of, nail in top of 

Surface of water 

Private road crossing, top of west rail .". 

Railroad spike in crossing post 

Road crossing (second one north of public crossing), top of rail 

Trestle No. 118 M, at southeast corner of, in top of fence post 

Surface of water 

Meridian, T. 26 N., R. 12 W., sec. 14, north part of, at southeast cor- 
ner of Iver Brock's residence, in stone foundation, bronze tablet 
marked "740 E. C.".. 

Road crossing, top of rail 

Private road crossing, top of rail 

Trestle No. 124 M, at east end of, nail in top of fence post 



Elevation 

in feet. 



HAIJ. AND"] 
JIOYT. J 



CHIPPEWA RIVER. 



107 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. — Continued. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



Surface of water 

North and south road crossing, top of rail 

North and south road crossing, cross on stone 

Road crossing, top of north rail 

Road crossing, spike in telegraph pole 

Wagon bridge, surface of water 

South side of railroad, 60 feet west of large spring, cross cut in sand- 
stone 

Surface of water 

Spike in base of telegraph pole 

Opposite small island, on highest point of large sandstone bowlder, 
cross cut 

Surface of water 

On bank of river at right of way fence, sandstone bowlder, cross cut 
in top of 

Rock Creek, surface of water 

Private road crossing, top of rail -. 

Trestle No. 144, at northwest corner of, nail in cross cut in cap 

Caryville, T. 26 N., R. 11 W., sec. 11, east part of, at northwest cor- 
ner of post-office, Strand's general store, in stone foundation, 
bronze tablet marked "760 E. C. " 

Road crossing, top of rail 

[Line continued along highway.] 

Wagon bridge over West Creek, in top of pile at east approach, nail- 
Surface of water 

East of small island, water maple 40 feet east of river, on left bank, 
nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Powell Lake and Chippewa River roads, 75 feet east of junction, 
small double elm tree, nail in root of 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

On left bank of river, at cast end of long log boom, nail in maple 
stump 

Surface of water 

Coolies Lake, near outlet, B. A. Churchville residence, at southwest 
corner of, in foundation, bronze tablet marked " 779 E. C. " 

41 . 4 Surface of water 

42. 4 Porterville, 0.75 mile south of, wagon road culvert, nail in top of pile 

42. 4 Surface of water 

43 Old Porter mills, nail in root of large water maple 

43. 3 T roads 

irr 115—05 8 



733 
739.6 
740. 30 
741.7 
745. 02 
739 

751.82 
741 

747. 85 

753. 19 
743 

754. 70 
744 
752.9 
751.22 



760. 144 


757.7 


753. 98 


746 


749. 63 


747 


756. 15 


752 


752 


763. 11 


755 


779. 356 


758 


763. 92 


761 


764.84 


767 



108 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 




Elevation 
in feet. 


43.3 


Creek, mouth of, surface of water 


764 


43.8 


On river bank, 30 feet west of road, nail in top of stump 


767. 85 


44.1 


Surface of water 


764 


44.8 


Charles Bannon's residence, 120 feet southeast of, at gate, nail in 
white oak stump 


771.08 


44.9 


Lower Creek, road crossing on Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
Railroad, top of rail 


773.4 


44.9 


Surface of water (higher than has been for 2 years) 


768 


45.5 


Shawtown, 1 mile south of,T. 27 N., R. 10 W., sec. 36, northeast cor- 
ner of, in stone foundation at northwest corner of Henry Trimble's 
residence, bronze tablet marked ' ' 781 E. C. " 


780. 84 


45.5 


High water, in 1884 


777 


45.8 


Road crossing 


776.5 


45.8 


Surface of water 


769 


46.5 


graph pole 


783. 98 


46.5 


Under bridge, surface of water 


769 


46.6 


Menomonie street crossing, top of rail 


777.6 


47.6 


Eau Claire, crossing of Niagara and Seventh street 


781.2 


48.1 


East entrance to high school, first window to right, in sill, cut in 
center 


797. 93 


48.3 


Eau Claire, at southwest corner of court-house, bronze tablet marked 
"797 E.C." -. 


797. 473 


48.4 


Crossing of Grand and Oxford avenue, top of rail 


791 


48.7 


200 feet south of railroad bridge, spike in base of crossing post 


787. 33 


48.8 


Center of railroad bridge over river 


788.3 


48.8 


& 
Eau Claire River, mouth of, surface of water under bridge (June 2) . . 

[Spur line, June 9, up Eau Claire River from junction. Stage of water 6.5 
lower.] 


770 


.1 


Junction of Chippewa and Eau Claire rivers, June 9, foot of first dam 
at mouth of, on Eau Claire river 


763.5 


.1 




774 


75 


Foot of second dam 


774 


.75 


Head of second dam 


786.8 




[Main line continued .June 2. River is 6.5 feet higher than a week later.] 




49 


Eau Claire court-house, 0.7 mile north of, at Chicago, Milwaukee and 
St. Paul Railroad station, top of rail 


786. 05 


49. 1 


Forrest street crossing of spur to paper mill, top of rail 


778.6 


49.4 


Elm street crossing, top of rail 


780.3 


49.4 


The Dallas Paper Mill Company dam, foot of, surface of water 


772 


49.4 


The Dallas Paper Mill Company dam, head of, surface of water 


793 


49.8 


Chicago and Northwestern Railroad bridge over river, south corner 
of east pier, cross cut on 


804. 36 



HA 

HOY 



LL AND") 
JOYT. J 



CHIPPEWA RIVER. 



109 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. — Continued. 



Chicago and Northwestern, at mile post St. Paul 87, top of rail 

Duluth Branch, at overhead road crossing, top of rail 

Duluth branch, Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, on east side of 
railroad, opposite yard-limit post, spike in base of telegraph pole. 

Road crossing, top of rail 

Mile post 1, top of east rail 

Power house at crossing of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and 
Chicago and Northwestern railroads, 1,100 feet south of, spike in 
telegraph pole 

Grade crossing, top of rail 

Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and Chicago and Northwestern 
railroads, grade crossing, top of rail 

Road crossing, top of west rail 

20 feet west of north cattle guard to road crossing, in base of 
fence corner post, spike 

Road crossing, top of rail 

Second pole west of road crossing, spike in 

Dalles Mill station, road crossing, top of west rail 

Road crossing on line between Eau Claire and Chippewa counties 

County line crossing, in north cattle guard, nail in top of fence post. . 

East and west road crossing, top of east rail 

Surface of water 

La Fayette, road crossing at old site of, top of west rail 

Surface of water 

La Fayette, second telegraph pole above road crossing at old site 
of, spike in 

North and south private road crossing, spike in black oak tree 

Surface of water 

Road crossing east and west 

Badger Mills, road crossing just below north switch block 

Halle Lake, Badger Mills, surface of water 

Badger Mills, just south of waiting shed, spike in crossing post 

Badger Mills, opposite waiting shed, top of east rail 

Badger Mills, summer hotel, in ground in lawn of, 50 feet due west 
of front window, sandstone post 10 by 8 by 30 inches, bronze 
tablet marked " 827 E. C." 



150 feet west of P. C. mark, 150 feet south of gate, s"pike in base of 
telegraph pole 

Surface of water 

Surface of water 

Trestle No. 216, in sleeper at west end of, painted cross on b 

Gravel Island, crossing post just below, spike in base of 

Gravel Island, slough, mouth of, surface of water 



>lt. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



843.1 
851.8 

858.56 

871.3 

882.8 

882. 09 
881.2 

880.2 
843.5 

840. 09 

813.8 

807.97 

804.2 

813 

815. 18 
821.1 
793 
817.4 
794 

818. 75 

815.96 

794 

821.9 

817 

815 

818. 19 
820.2 

827. 716 

831.45 

797.3 

801 

833.51 

855. 19 

803 



110 



RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 



[NO. 115. 



Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. — Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 


62.1 


62.2 


62.2 


62.8 


62.9 


62.9 


63 


63 


63.3 



63.8 

63.9 
63.9 
64.31 

64.4 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

•0. 

.0 

3.7 

5.5 

8 

9.2 
10.7 
13 
15.7 

15.7 
16.6 
17.9 
19.2 



Surface of water 

Spike in base of crossing post 

Road crossing, top of rail 

Central Junction, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad and 
Wisconsin Central Railroad, switch block at .^ 

East side of railroad, spike in base of telegraph pole 

Road crossing, top of rail 

Center of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad bridge, top of 
rail 

Surface of water under bridge 

Junction of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad and Wiscon- 
sin Central Railroad (main line), top of rail 

Chippewa Falls, 20 feet south of water tank, spike in base of tele- 
graph pole 

Chippewa Falls, Taylor street crossing, top of rail 

Chippewa Falls, under bridge, foot of dam, surface of water 

Chippewa Falls, northeast corner of city building containing fire 
department and city jail, in foundation, bronze tablet marked 
"840 E. C." 

Chippewa Falls, above dam, surface of water 

[Flying levels by F. T. Fitch, field assistant, Chippewa Falls, up Chippewa 
River to Flambeau.] 

Highest water mark on record, recorded by Chippewa Falls Lum- 
ber and Boom Company, Sept. 10, 1884 

Second highest water mark of Chippewa River, recorded Dec. 3, 
1896 

Lowest water mark of Chippewa River, reading taken at Chippewa 
Falls 

Highway bridge at falls, surface of water 

Chippewa Falls, surface of water 

Crest of dam of Chippewa Falls Lumber Company, surface of water. 

Paint Creek Rapids, foot of, north bank of river, 50 feet from water, 
top of bowlder, chiseled square 

Yellow River, mouth of, surface of water 

Eagle Rapids, foot of, surface of water 

Eagle Rapids, head of, surface of water 

Surface of water 

Foot of rapids, surface of water 

Jim Falls, east side of river at edge of water, nearly opposite Pitch 
Hotel, at foot of rapids, in granite ledge, chiseled square 

Surface of water 

Head of rapids, surface of water 

Coltons Rapids, foot of, surface of water 

Coltons Rapids, head of, surface of water. . , — ,...,.,. 



Elevation 
in feet. 



805 
840. 31 

842.4 

832.4 
832.9 
833.9 

834. 03 
805 

840.3 

830. 63 
833.7 

807 

840. 468 
840 



832 

831 

804 
806 
826 
839 

844. 54 

852 

854 

867 

871 

881 

902 

901 

936 

942.2 

945 



HALJ, AND"! 
IIOVT. J 



chippewa rivp:r. 



Ill 



Elevations on Chippewa River, from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, If is.—- Continued. 



Distance 
in miles. 



19.2 

20.2 
22.9 
25.7 
26.9 
26.9 

27 

28 

29.5 

32.7 

33.2 

33.2 

33.2 

39.7 
43.3 

43.3 



Chas. Richards, near house occupied by, 150 feet south of road 
intersection, at edge of water, rock, chiseled square 

Shaw Creek, 400 feet above mouth of, surface of water 

Bob Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Chevalley Rapids, foot of, surface of water 

Above rapids, surface of water 

Brunne Falls, at boat landing, west bank of river, below main falls 
and just above Chevalley Rapids, 125 feet south of old house, 50 
feet from water, bowlder 2 feet square, chiseled square 

Brunne Rapids, foot of, surface of water 

Brunne Rapids, head of, surface of water 

Fisher River, mouth of, surface of water 

Holcombe, foot of rapids, surface of water 

Holcombe, foot of dam, surface of water 

Above dam, surface of water 

South entrance to bridge over flooding dam, 500 feet west of, south 
side of highway, 50 feet south of river, on bowlder in fence, chis- 
eled square 1 

Deer Tail Creek, mouth of, surface of water 

Flambeau, post-office, at intersection of Flambeau and Chippewa 
rivers, on point of land, nail in root of tree 

Junction of rivers, surface of water 



Elevation 
in feet. 



947. 40 

954 

961 
966 

984.19 

967 

993 

995 
1,004 
1,020 
1,036 

1,046.55 
1,036 

1,055.09 
1,050 



I N D E X 



Page 

Albert Shoals, Ga., water power at 46 

AJcovy River, 6a., profile of 56 

survey of and elevations on , r )5-5.s 

Andersonville? S. C, survey between Lis- 
bon and ■ 29 

survey between Tallulah Falls and 23 

Anniestown Shoals, Ga., water power at .. 52 

Anthony Shoals, Ga., water power at 39 

Apalachia, Ga., survey between Hiwassee 

and 81 

Baldwin, D. H., acknowledgments to 10 

Barnes Shoal, Ga., water power at 47 

Bartlett's ferry, Ga., water power near 72 

Bell Creek, Ga., water power at 81 

Bench marks, establishment of 9 

Berner, Ga., survey between Highfallsand. 58 

Bert, Ga., water power at and near 74 

Big Bull Slough, Ga., water power at 72 

Big Creek, Ga., water power near 93 

Blairsville, Ga., survey between Murphy 

and 87 

Blalock, Ga., survey between Tallulah Falls 

and 18 

Blantons Ferry, Ga., water power at 71-72 

Bridal Veil Falls, location of 18 

Broad River, Ga., profile of 40 

survey of and elevations on 39-45 

Brown Shoals, Ga., Avater power at 40 

Brunne Falls, Wis., water power at 100 

Bryant Shoals, Ga., water power at 40 

Buffalo River, Tenn., profile of 11 

survey of and elevations on 10-12 

Bushhead Shoals, Ga., water power at 07 

Caldwell, Carrol, work under direction of.. 19, 
24,29,36,40,83,89,94 
Cane Creek, Ga., water power at and near. 82-83 
Carnesville, Ga., survey between Lisbon 

and 39 

Catawba River, N. C, profile of 14 

survey of and elevations on 13-17 

Centralhatchee Creek. Ga., water power at. 67 

Charlie Creek, Ga., water power near 93 

Chattahoochee, Ga., survey between Frank- 
lin and 66 

Chattahoochee River, Ga., profiles of 62, (17, 7:> 

survey of and elevations on 61-74 

Chattooga River, S. C.-Ga., profile of 86 

survey of and elevations on 34-39 

Cherokee Lumber Co., dam of 81 

Cherokee Shoals. Ga., water power al 29 



Page. 
Chestatee, Ga., survey between Sautee and. til 

survey between Willow and 76 

Chestatee River, Ga., profile of 76 

survey of and elevations on 70-81 

Chippewa, Wis., water power at 99 

Chippewa Falls, Wis., gage heights at 101-103 

survey at 97-98 

water power at 99 

Chippewa River, Wis. -Minn., gage heights 

on ! 101-103 

profile of 103 

survey of and elevations on 97-111 

Clarksville, Ga., survey between View and. 74 
Columbus, Ga., survey between West Point 

and 71 

water power near 72 

Connelly Ford, N. C, water power at 13 

Connelly Springs, N. C, survey between 

Marion and 13 

Constitution, Ga., survey between Macon 

and 40 

water power near 40 

Cowpen Shoals, Ga., falls at 40 

Crown Gold Mining Co. , dam of 77 

Dames Shoals, Ga., water power at 48 

Denton Ford, Ga., water power at LS 

Detwiler Shoals, Ga., water power at 40 

Dial, Ga., survey between McCays and 92 

water power near 93 

Eagle Rapids, Wis., water power at 99 

Eau Clair, Wis., water power at and near . . 99 

Ellis, I. R., work of 97 

Fishdam Shoals, Ga., water power at 39 

Fishtrap Shoals, Ga., water power at 07 

Fitch, F. T., work of 98 

Fitch, I. T., work under direction of 7:'> 

Flambeau, Wis., survey between Reeds 

Landing and 97-98 

Flat Shoal, Ga., water power at 40 

Flatwoods, Tenn., survey between Lobel- 

villeand 10 

Franck, F. A., work under direction of (8, 

52,56,69,62,67,75,78 
Franklin. Ga., survey between Chattahoo- 
chee and 66 

Galloway, Ga., water power at and near 93 

Gannett, s. 8., acknowledgments to 10 

Gannett Bridge, <Ja., water power at 70-77 

Geological survey, United states, datumsof, 

use of 9 

L13 



114 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Goats Rock, Ga., water power at 72 

Gregg Shoals, Ga., falls at 29 

Grennells Ford, Ga., water power at 77 

Hall, B. M., acknowledgments to 10 

Hall, M. R., acknowledgments to 10 

Hall, W. C., work under direction of 13 

Hall Ford, N. C., water power at 88 

Hayesville Bridge, Ga., water power at 81 

Henderson shoals, water power at 56 

Highf alls, Ga. , survey between Berner and . 58 

water power at 58 

Hiwassee River, Ga. , profile of 82 

survey between Apalachia and 81 

survey of and elevations on 81-87 

Holcombe, Wis., water power at 100 

Houston's ferry, Ga. , water power at 71 

Howard, R. C, work of 13 

Hurricane Falls, location of 18 

Hutchins, Ralph, work of 11 

Indian Fishery Shoals, Ga., water power at. 57 

Island Ford, Ga., water power at 81-82 

Island Shoal, Ga., water power at 47 

Jim Falls, Wis., water power at 99-100 

John River Road Ford, N. O, water power 

at 13 

Jones, Oscar, work under direction of 11 

Juliette, Ga., water power at 47-48 

Kendall, C. B., acknowledgments to 10 

Keys Shoals, Ga., water power at 47 

Kilpatrick Ferry, Ga., water power near ... 83 

Langdale, Ala., water power at 71 

Langdon Shoals, Ga., water power at 51 

Laudermilk Ford, N. C, water power at . . . 88 

Laurel Branch, S. C., water power at 35 

L'eau D'or Falls, location of 18 

Linden, Tenn., water power at 10 

Lisbon, Ga., survey between Andersonville 

and 29 

survey between Cainesville and 39 

Little River, Ga., water power at 61 

Lobelville, Tenn., survey between Flat- 
woods and 10 

water power at . 10 

McCays, Tenn., survey between Dial and . . 92 

water power near 93 

McDaniels Shoals, Ga., water power at 29, 51 

Mcintosh Shoals, Ga., water power at 66 

Maderia Shoals, Ga., water power at 66 

Maps, showing location of surveys 10, 98 

Marion, N. C., survey between Connelly 

Springs and 13 

Middleton Shoals, Ga. , falls at 29 

Milford Shoals, Ga. , water power at 39 

Milstead, Ga., water power at 52 

Moore Shoals, Ga., falls at. 40 

Morgan Ford, Ga., water power near 88 

Mountain Island Shoals, Ga., water power 

at 61 

Mud Creek, Ga., water power at 61 

Murphy, Ga., water power at and near 82 

Murphy, N. C, survey between Blairsville 

and 87 

water power near 88 

Newbridge, Ga., water power at 77 

Newell, F. H., letter of transmittal by 7 



Newton Factory Shoals, Ga., water power 

at 55-56 

Nottely River, Ga.-N. C, profile of 88 

survey of and elevations on 87-92 

Obenshain, S. A., work of 13 

Oceana Falls, location of 18 

Ocmulgee River, Ga., profile of 47 

survey of and elevations on 46-51 

O'Hagan, T. B., work of ... . 19, 24, 36, 40, 83, 89, 94 
Old Factory Shoals, Ga., water power at . . . 74-75 

Old Valley, Ga. , water power in 18 

Paint Creek Rapids, Wis., water power at. . 99 
Palmer, Joseph, work of. . 48, 52, 56, 59, 62, 67, 75, 78 

Passmore Ford, Ga. , water power at 81 

Payton Shoals, Ga., water power at . . 40 

Peachstone Shoals, Ga., water power at 46 

Pigeon Creek, Ga., water power near 93 

Popes Shoals, Ga. , water power at 48 

Porter Shoals, Ga. , water power at 74 

Porterdale, Ga., water power at 51 

Redmens Shoals, Ga., water power at 66 

Reeds Landing, Minn., survey between 

Flambeau and 97-98 

Reynolds Shoals, Ga., water power at 61 

Riverview, Ga. , water power at 71 

Russell, S. O, survey between Tallulah 

Falls and 34 

Sallee, W. H., work of 73 

Santee, Ga., survey between Chestatee and. 61 
Savannah River, S. C.-Ga. , profile of 30 

survey of and elevations on 29-34 

Shallow Ford, Ga., water power at and 

near 82, 93 

Shoal Creek, Ga., water power at and near. 82 

Smith Shoal, Ga. , water power at 47 

Snapping Shoals, Ga., water power at 46 

Soque River, Ga. , profile of 75 

survey of and elevations at 74-76 

water power at 61 

South River, Ga., profile of 47 

survey of and elevations on 46-51 

Southern States, surveys in, map showing 

location of 98 

Surveys, location of, maps showing 10, 98 

methods of 9-10 

objects of 9 

Tallulah Falls, Ga., survey between Ander- 
sonville and 23 

survey between Blalock and 18 

survey between Russell and 34 

Tallulah River, Ga., profile of 19 

survey of and elevations on 18-23 

water power near 18 

Taylor Ferry, Ga. , water power near 83 

Tempesta Falls, location of 18 

Thompson Bridge, Ga., water power at 88 

Toccoa River, Ga., profile of 93 

survey of and elevations on 92-97 

Towaliga River, Ga., profile of 59 

survey of and elevations on 58-60 

Trotters Shoals, Ga. , water power at 29-30 

Tugaloo River, Ga.-S. O, profile of 24 

survey of and elevations on 23-28 

Turners Shoals, Ga., falls at 29 

View, Ga., survey between Clarksville and. 74 



INDEX. 



115 



Page. 
Water power, localities for establishment of, 

rinding of 9 

Watkins Bridge Ga., water power at 88 

Weazel Creek, Ga., water power near 88 

West Point, Ga., survey between Columbus 

and 71 

Willow, Ga., survey between Chestatee 

and 76 

Wilseott Creek, Ga., water power near 93 



Page. 

Wilson, H. M., work in charge of 98 

Wisconsin, surveys in, map showing loca- 
tion of 98 

Worthville, Ga., survey between Yellow 

River and 51 

Yellow River, Ga., profile of 52 

survey of and elevations on 51-55 

survey between Worthville and 51 

water power at 52 



LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. 

[Mount each slip upon a separate card, placing the subject at the top of the 
second slip. The name of the series should not be repeated on the series 
card, but the additional numbers should be added, as received, to the first 
entry.] 

Hall, W. Carvel. 

. . . River surveys and profiles made during 1903, 
c 

I arranged by W. Carvel Hall and John C. Hoyt. Wash- 
ington, Gov't print, off., 1905. 

115 p., 1 1. illus., IV pi. (inch map) diagrs. 23 cm . (U. S. Geological 
survey. Water-supply and irrigation paper no. 115) 
Subject series: N, Water power, 10. 

1. Rivers— U. S. 2. Water power— U. S. I. Hoyt, John Clayton, 1874 — 
joint author. 

Hall, W. Carvel. 

. . . River surveys and profiles made during 1903, 

~Z 

§ arranged by W. Carvel Hall and John C. Hoyt. Wash- 
ington, Gov't print, off., 1905. 

115 p., 1 1. illus., IV pi. (inch map) diagrs. 23 cm . (U. S. Geological 
survey. Water-supply and irrigation paper no. 115) 
Subject series: N, Water power, 10. 

1. Rivers— U. S. 2. Water power— U. S. I. Hoyt, John Clayton, 1874— 
joint author. 

U. S. Geological survey. 

Water-supply and irrigation papers. 

| 110.115. Hall, W. C. River surveys and profiles made 
during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and 
J. C. Hoyt. 1905. 

^ U. S. Dept. of the Interior. 

I see also 

* U. S. Geological survey. 



. 



D 



LBFe"D6 








1. 


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8. 


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Series K— Pumping Water. 

Pumping water for irrigation, by II. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis. 
8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. 

> tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 1898. 91 pp., 
I pi. 
Experiments with windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 
Wells and windmills in Nebraska, by E. H. Barbour. 1899. 85 pp., 27 pis. 
The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Pt. I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 72 pp., 14 pis. 
The windmill, Pt. II (continuation of No. 41). 1901. 73-147 pp., 15-16 pis. 
Natural features and economic development of Sandusky, Maumee, Muskingum, and Miami 
drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. Flynn and M. S. Flynn. 1904. 130 pp. 

Series L— Quality of Water. 

WS 3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 22. Sewage irrigation, Pt. II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on inland water 
resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. 

WS 76. Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. Pressey. 1903. 
108 pp., 13 pis. 

WS 79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. Leighton. 1903. 192 pp. 
■ :. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, by E. B. 
Goodell. 1901. 120 pp. 

WS 108. Quality of water in the Susquehanna River drainage basin, by M. O. Leighton, with an intro- 
ductory chapter on physiographic features, by G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 113. Strawboard and oil wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 

Series M— General Hydrographic Investigations. 

56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 

Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. Pressey. 1903. 

108 pp., 13 pis. 
The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. 
California hydrography, by J. B. Lippincott. 1903. 488 pp., 1 pi. 
The Passaic flood of 1902, by G. B. Hollister and M. O. Leighton. 1903. 56 pp., 15 pis. 
Natural features and economic development of Sandusky, Maumee, Muskingum, and Miami 

drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. Flynn and M. S. Flynn. 1904. 130 pp. 
The Passaic flood of 1903, by M. O. Leighton. 1904. 48 pp., 7 pis. 

Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, by E. C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, 
and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. 
WS 95. Accuracy of stream measurements; revised and enlarged edition of paper No. 64, by E. C. 

Murphy. 1904. 169 pp., 6 pis. 
WS 96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 pp., 13 pis. 
WS 106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 pp., 4 pis. 
WS 109. Hydrography of Susquehanna River drainage basin, by J. C. Hoyt and R. H. Anderson. 1905. 
215 pp., 29 pis. 

Series N— Water Power. 

WS 24. Water resources of the State of New York, Pt. I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 92 pp., 13 pis. 
WS 25. Water resources of the State of New York, Pt. II, by G.W. Rafter. 1899. 100-200 pp., 12 pis. 
WS 44. Profiles of rivers, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 pis. 
WS 62. Hydrography of the Southern Appalachian Mountain region, Pt. I, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 

95 pp., 25 pis. 
WS 63. Hydrography of the Southern Appalachian Mountain region, Pt. II, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 

96-190 pp., 26-44 pis. 
WS 69. Water powers of the State of Maine, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 124 pp., 14 pis. 
WS 105. Water powers of Texas, by T. M. Taylor. 1904. 116 pp., 17 pis. 
WS 107. Water powers of Alabama and water supply of rivers in Mississippi, by B. M. Hall. 1904. 

pp., 9 pis. 
WS 109. Hydrography of Susquehanna River drainage basin, by J. C. Hoyt and R. H. Anderson. 1905. 

215 pp., 29 pis. 
WS 115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and J. C. Hoyt. 1905. 

— pp., 4 pis. 

[Continued on fourth page of cover.] 
IRR 115—3 



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WS 


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199. 


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Series 0— Underground Waters. 

A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I. C. Russell. 1897. 96 pp., 7 pis. 
Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth, 1897. 65 pp., 12 pis. 
7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier. 1897. 50 pp., 3 pis. 

Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N. H. Darton. 1898. 56 pp., 21 pis. 
Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. 
Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 64 pp. 
Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 7 pis. 
Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis. 

Geology and water resources of a portion of southeastern South Dakota, by J. E. Todd. 1900. 
34 pp., 19 pis. 
WS 53. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. I, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 86 

pp., 10 pis. 
WS 54. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. II, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 

87-141 pp. 
WS 55. Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakima County, Wash., by G. O. Smith. 1901. 

68 pp., 7 pis. 
WS 57. Prehminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. I, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. 
WS 59. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. I, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 

95 pp., 11 pis. 
WS 60. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. II, by J. B. Lippincott. 
1902. 96-140 pp. 
Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. II, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 
The motions of imderground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 
Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192 

pp., 25 pis. 
Water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. 
Prehminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by 
I. C. Russell. 1903. 53 pp., 2 pis. 
PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred 

and third meridian, by N. H. Darton. 1903. 69 pp., 43 pis. 
WS 90. Geology and water resources of part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, by J. E. 

Todd and C. M. Hall. 1904. 45 pp., 23 pis. 
WS 101. Underground waters of southern Louisiana, by G. D. Harris; with discussions of their uses 

for water supplies and for rice irrigation, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 98 pp., 11 pis. 
WS 102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 522 pp. 
WS 104. The underground waters of Gila Valley, Arizona, by Willis T. Lee. 1904. 71 pp., 5 pis. 
WS 110. Contributions to hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. 
PP 32. Geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 

433 pp., 72 pis. 
WS 111. Preliminary report on underground waters of Washington, by Henry Landes. 1905. 85 pp., 

lpl. 
WS 112. Underflow test in the drainage basin of Los Angeles River, by Homer Hamlin. 1905. 55 pp. 

7 pis. 
WS 114. Underground water of eastern United States, by M, L. Fuller and others. 1905. — pp., 18 pis. 
The following papers also relate to this subject: Underground waters of Arkansas Valley in eAsterrj 
Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Preliminary report on artesian waters o1 
a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Illinois, 
by Frank Leverett, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank 
Leverett, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; New developments in well boring and irrigation in eastew 
South Dakota, by N. H. Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Rock waters of Ohio, by Edward 
Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, 
by N. H. Darton, Bulletin No. 138. 

Series P— Hydrographic Progress Reports 

Progress reports may be found in the following publications: For 1888-89, Tenth Annual, Pt. II 
for 1889-90, Eleventh Annual, Pt. II; for 1890-91, Twelfth Annual, Pt. II; for 1891-92, Thirteenth 
Annual, Pt. Ill; for 1893-94, B. 131; for 1895, B. 140; for 1896, Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV, W T S 11; foi 
1897, Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV, WS 15, 16; for 1898, Twentieth Annual, Pt. IV, WS 27, 28; for 1899 
Twenty-first Annual, Pt. IV, WS 35-39; for 1900, Twenty-second Annual, Pt. IV, WS 47-52; for 1901; 
WS 65, 66, 75; for 1902, WS 82-85; for 1903, WS 97-100. 

Correspondence should be addressed to 

The Director, 

United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C. 
irr 115—4 



